1. Frozen Fluidity? Digital Technologies and the Transformation of Learning and Teaching Ernst Schraube, Roskilde University

2. Frozen Fluidity? Digital Technologies and the Transformation of Learning and Teaching 1. The transfer model of learning 2. Theorizing learning from the standpoint of the learning subjects 3. Basic element of expansive learning: The fluidity of learning and teaching 4. Digital technologies and the fluidity of learning and teaching

3. 1. The transfer model of learning - confusion between learning and teaching - teaching-learning equation and its contradictions - learning: not just a transfer of knowledge but an activity of learning subjects to access, explore and participate in the world - task: systematic inclusion of the learning subjects and theorizing learning from the standpoint of the learners

4. “Questions about learning are almost always met by educational researchers with investigations of teaching. This disastrous shortcut equates learning with teaching” (Jean Lave, 1996, p. 158). Lave suggests “a reversal in perspective so that the vital focus of research on learning shifts from transmitters, teachers or care givers, to learners” (p. 155) and “an analyses of learners as subjects” (p. 158).

5. 2. Theorizing learning from the standpoint of the learning subjects We can build on situated, participant learning theory and especially the work of Klaus Holzkamp: - incidental versus intentional learning - learning problem - learning matter: not neutral technicalities but conflictual societal meanings - affinitive versus definite learning phases - defensive versus expansive learning - learning embedded in the conduct of everyday life

6. 3. Basic element of expansive learning: The fluidity of learning and teaching - learning and teaching as functional positions (learner as student and teacher as professor) - historically original form of learning: teaching and learning not as functional positions put as logical positions permanently shifting within and between persons – the mutual entanglement and fluidity of learning and teaching - the fluidity of learning and teaching as nucleus of a productive and vibrant learning relations - … in everyday practice but also in educational practice at universities 4. Digital technologies and the fluidity of learning and teaching

7. - catalyzing fluidity; examples - frozen fluidity: danger of falling back to the transfer model of learning - examples: learning management systems; online courses; “What is e-learning? We define e-learning as instruction delivered on a computer by way of CD-ROM, Internet, or intranet” (Colvin Clark & Richard Mayer, 2011, p. 10)