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Published byDamian Cuthbert Fitzgerald Modified over 9 years ago
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Reproductive Physiology of Beef and Cattle
Suporn Katawatin Department of Animal Science Khon Kaen University
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Reproduction is one of the most important consideration determining the profit of cattle production
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(85 days) HERD HEALTH ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION DAYS OPEN
RECORD NUTRITION ESTROUS DETECTION MANAGEMENT HERD HEALTH DAYS OPEN (85 days) FEMALE FERTILITY REDUCE AGE AT 1ST CALVING INCREASE % COWS CYCLING TREAT PROBLEM COWS CONTROL GENITAL DISEASE PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IMPROVE AI TECHNIQUE USE GOOD QUALITY SEMEN BREED COWS IN STANDING HEAT
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to show regular cyclic breeding activity
Good reproduction is … to show regular cyclic breeding activity
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Reproductive Physiology
Male and Female Reproductive Anatomy Puberty : age or body weight Sexual maturity Estrous Cycle Mating or Breeding Calving Lactation Recycling
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Female Reproductive Characteristics of Cattle and Buffalo
Parameters Cattle Buffalo Age at puberty (mth) 15 (10-24) 21 (15-36) Estrous cycle Length (d) Estrus (h) 21 (14-29) 18 (12-30) 21 (18-22) 21 (17-24) Ovulation Type Time from onset (h) Spontaneous 30 (18-48) 32 (18-45)
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Female Reproductive Characteristics of Cattle and Buffalo
Parameter Cattle Buffalo Life span of CL (d) 16 Fertilizable life of ova (h) (20 – 24) ?? Entry of ova into uterus (h after ovulation) 90 (64-96) Gestation length (d) 280 ( ) 315 ( )
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Female Reproductive Characteristics of Cattle and Buffalo
Parameter Cattle Buffalo Age at 1st calving (months) 30 (24-36) 42 (36-56) Postpartum interval (days) Uterine involution First ovulation 45 (32-50) 30 (10-110) 35 (16-60) 75 (35-180) Calving interval (months) 13 (12-14) 18 (15-21)
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Areas of controlled reproduction in female cattle
Control estrus Suppression of estrus Breeding cattle at younger ages Controlled reproduction in cattle Pregnancy testing Induction of twin births Control calving Embryo transfer & in vitro fertilization Control postpartum interval
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Heat Detection or Estrous Detection
Estrous behavior
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Before heat (6-10 h) Smells other cows Attempts to ride other cows
Vulva moist, red slightly swollen
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Standing heat (18 h) Stand to be ridden Bawls frequently
Nervous & excitable Off feed and milk Vulva moist and red Clear mucous discharge Eye pupil dilated
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Clear mucous discharge from vulva
After heat (10 h) Will not stand Clear mucous discharge from vulva
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Hours from the start of estrus
Egg released Life of egg (6-10 h) Standing heat (18 h) After heat (10 h) Before heat (6-10 h) Estrus in cow and associated featured
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Approaches to estrus detection in the cow
Tail-painting & use of chalk Heat-mount detectors Use of closed circuit television Techniques used in estrous detection Chin-ball devices Cow activity changes Use of teaser animals Progesterone tests Vaginal probes
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Hormonal Pattern During
Estrous Cycle in Cow
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Hormones Used for Induction of Estrus and Ovulation
Type of hormones Method Biologic Activity Gonadotropins eCG or PMSG Single injection Mimics FSH and stimulates follicular growth; long half-life FSH Single/multiple injections Stimulates follicular growth; short half-life hCG Mimics LH and induce ovulation
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Hormones Used for Induction of Estrus and Ovulation
Type of hormones Method Biologic Activity Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist GnRH-buselerin Single injection Induces release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary gland; recruitment and selection of new dominant follicle
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Hormones Used for Induction of Estrus and Ovulation
Type of hormones Method Biologic Activity Progestogens Progesterone Multiple injections Inhibits ovulation by suppressing LH; mimics action of CL Synthetic progestogens Oral, subcutaneous implant, intravaginal device
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Method of Administration
Hormones Used for Induction of Estrus and Ovulation Type of hormones Method of Administration Biologic Activity Estrogens Estradiol conjugates Injection, implant Induce premature regression of CL, and enhances response to progestrogens Prostaglandins PGF2 or synthetic analogs Single intramuscular injection Induces regression of CL during responsive phases
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End of Treatment to Estrus
Protocols for Inducing Estrus and Ovulation in Acyclic Cattle and Buffalo Treatment End of Treatment to Estrus Prepubertal or postpartum suckled cows Estrogen on day 1 followed by days of progesterogen, eCG given on last day (optional) Within 5 days Postpartum milked cows GnRH on day 14 postpartum GnRH (day 0) and PGF (day 6) 1 day 2-4 days
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End of treatment to estrus
Techniques for Synchronizing Estrus in Cyclic Cattle Method Treatment Regimen End of treatment to estrus PGF Two injections (11-12 days apart) 3-5 days: AIDE/TAI GnRH + PGF Inject GnRH (day 0), PGF (day 6) 2-4 days: TAI GnRH + PGF + GnRH Inject GnRH (day 0), PGF (day 7), GnRH (day 8 or 9)
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End of treatment to estrus
Techniques for Synchronizing Estrus in Cyclic Cattle. Method Treatment Regimen End of treatment to estrus Progestogen + estrogen Estrogen injection (day 1), CIDR (day 1-9X 3-5 days : AIDE/TAI Progestogen +PGF Progestogen (days1-7), PGF (day 6) 2-3 days: AIDE/TAI
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Ovulate follicle Start new follicle wave
OVSync Breed (cows) GnRH (100ug) PGF2 (35mg) GnRH (100ug) 7 days 48 h 24 h Ovulate follicle Start new follicle wave Ovulate follicle Regress corpora lutea Timing and purpose of hormones to synchronize ovulation in lactating dairy cow (Pursley et al., 1995)
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Days calving to conception Calving interval (days)
Measure Reproductive Efficiency Trait Definition First calving Age (months) Days open Days calving to conception Calving interval (days) Days between successive calving Total cows First service conception rate (%) No. pregnant 1st service X 100 No. bred 1st service
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No. of services in all cows
Measure Reproductive Efficiency Trait Definition Services per conception No. of services in all cows Total conceptions Pregnancy rate (%) No. of cows pregnant X 100 Total cows in herd Calving rate (%) No. of calves born X 100 Net calf crop (%) Total calves weaned X 100
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Book Suggestion Hafez, E.S.E. and B. Hafez. 2000. Reproduction in
Farm Animals. 7th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York. Gordon, I Controlled Reproduction in Cattle & Buffaloes. CAB International. Bearden, H.J. and J.W. Fuquay Applied Animal Reproduction 4th ed. Prentice Hall.
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Approximate Values for Selected Reproductive Events in Female Domesticated Mammals
Species Length of cycle (days) Duration of estrus (hours) Approximate time of ovulation Normal breeding season Cow Mean=20.5 Range Mean < 10 Range 30 h after beginning of estrus All year Buffalo Mean=21 Range Mean < 15 Range 32 h after beginning of estrus All year Mare Mean=21 Range Mean=120 Range Near end of estrus Spring & summer Ewe Mean=16 Range Mean=30 Range 26 h after beginning of estrus Fall (variable with breed) Doe Mean=20 Range Mean=40 Range On 2nd day of estrus Fall Sow Mean=48 Range 36 h after beginning of estrus
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