1. Active Lecture Questions for BIOLOGY, Eighth Edition Neil Campbell & Jane Reece Questions prepared by Ruth Buskirk, University of Texas at Austin Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Chapter 37 Soil and Plant Nutrition

2. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All of the following contribute directly to the composition of soil except which one? a)weathering of source rock b)remains of dead organisms c)water and air d)energy from the sun e)materials secreted by living organisms

3. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Which of these best describes cation exchange in soils? a)Cations are exchanged for anions on soil particles. b)Cation exchange determines the pH of the soil. c)Mineral cations are displaced from soil particles by H +. d)Plant root hairs take up cations. e)Plant root hairs take up anions.

4. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. If particles of soil have a negative charge, which of the following is most likely to occur during leaching, when water percolates through the soil after a heavy rain? a)Equal amounts of K + and HCO 3 – will be lost into the groundwater. b)More Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ than anions are lost into the groundwater. c)More Cl – and HCO 3 – than cations are lost into the groundwater. d)More anions become available for root uptake. e)More cations become available for root uptake.

5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. What is an advantage of using organic fertilizer that is not true for inorganic fertilizer? a)It contains all three major nutrients: N, P, and K. b)It contains carbohydrates that plants use. c)It is made in controlled industrial processes. d)It releases nutrients more slowly, resisting leaching. e)Its nutrients are immediately available to plants.

6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Why was it easier to determine plant mineral requirements in experiments using hydroponic culture rather than soil in pots? a)With hydroponics, it is easier to ensure the plant has sufficient water. b)With hydroponics, it is easier to omit one mineral at a time for testing. c)With hydroponics, plant roots do not require O 2. d)With hydroponics, differential results can be seen even before the plants reach maturity. e)With hydroponics, light and CO 2 requirements for photosynthesis can be controlled more easily.

7. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Nutrients with which of the following functions are required by plants in the smallest quantity? a)enzyme cofactors for occasional processes b)nutrients required for chlorophyll synthesis c)atoms in carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids d)ions for regulation of stomatal opening e)cofactors for plant cell wall stability

8. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Which of the following is an example of phytoremediation? a)Plants secrete H + ions that modify the soil pH. b)The mesh of roots holds soil in place, preventing erosion. c)Plants take in atmospheric CO 2, limiting global warming. d)Plant decomposition returns many minerals to the soil. e)Plants take up and concentrate excess zinc from soils.

9. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Which of the following indicates that Rhizobium bacteria have evolved to be symbiotic with legume plants? a)All nitrogen-fixing bacteria are symbiotic. b)Rhizobium bacteria cannot survive outside plants. c)Rhizobium bacteria have anaerobic metabolism to prevent O 2 interference with nitrogen fixation. d)Rhizobium take a bacteroid form and activate nitrogenase only when inside root nodules. e)Plants use ammonia from the Rhizobium bacteria to make amino acids.

10. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Experiments showed that legumes (alfalfa) and symbiotic bacteria treated with various pesticides had lower productivity than in control plants. Which aspect of the nitrogen fixation mutualism would you expect to be associated with the reduced plant growth? a)Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were killed by the pesticide. b)Treated plants formed nodules much later than controls. c)Nitrogen-fixing bacteria infected plant roots at a higher rate than in controls. d)Nitrogen-fixing bacteria produced excessive amounts of nitrogenase in response to the pesticide. e)Plants switched to other forms of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

11. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All of the following are true about mycorrhizal associations except which one? a)The fungus stimulates root growth in the plant. b)The fungus gets carbohydrates from the plant. c)The fungus increases the surface area for water uptake. d)Mycorrhizal associations are only common in highly specialized plants. e)Mycorrhizal associations are most helpful to plants living in nutrient-poor soils.