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Macromolecules
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DO NOW…
1) What does CHNOPS stand for?
2) Is Hydrogen (H) a molecule or an element?
3) Is Water (H2O) a molecule or an element?
4) What elements make up carbon dioxide (CO2)?
5) What elements make up GLUCOSE?
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MACROMOLECULES
Answer the first THREE questions on your notes!
SHARE OUT!
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ATOMS COMBINE TO MAKE ELEMENTS!
ELEMENTS COMBINE TO MAKE MOLECULES!
WHICH ELEMENTS MAKE UP THE MOLECULE SHOWN?
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CONNECTIONS…
What connections do we have to the term “organic compounds”?
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Organic Compounds
Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic.
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Carbon (C)
Carbon can form bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements).
Usually with C, H, O or N.
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: WHAT ARE THESE ELEMENTS?
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Macromolecules
Macromolecules are large organic molecules made up of smaller molecules!
Examples:
THE FOUR MOLECULES OF LIFE?
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Macromolecules
Examples:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
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Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates
Small sugar molecules COMBINE to make large sugar molecules.
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Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide: one sugar unit
Example: glucose (C6H12O6)
glucose
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Carbohydrates
Disaccharide: two sugar unit
Examples:
Maltose (glucose+glucose)
glucose
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14. BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a Disaccharide!
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Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide: many sugar units
Example: cellulose (lettuce, corn)
glucose
cellulose
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16. BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a Polysaccharide!
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Lipids
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Lipids
Lipids are FATS! They contain the MOST energy of any macromolecule.
Example: Triglyceride
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Lipids
Triglycerides: composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids. H
H-C----O
glycerol O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
fatty acids O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH
=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
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20. BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a Triglyceride!
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Proteins
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22. Proteins (Polypeptides)
Proteins are made up of Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds.
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Primary Structure
Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds (straight chains)
aa1
aa2
aa3
aa4
aa5
aa6
Peptide Bonds
Amino Acids (aa)
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24. BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a Protein!
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Protein Structure
Proteins are folded into 3-dimensional shapes that are held together by hydrogen bonds.
Two examples:
Alpha Helix
Beta Pleated Sheet
Hydrogen Bonds
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Nucleic Acids
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Nucleic acids
Two types:
a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA- double helix)
b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single strand)
Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of nucleotides.
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Nucleic acids
Nucleotides include:
1. phosphate group
2. pentose sugar
3. nitrogen bases:
adenine (A)
thymine (T) DNA only
uracil (U) RNA only
cytosine (C)
guanine (G)
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29. BUILD THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURE:
Instructions: Using the paper in front of you, scissors and markers, BUILD AND LABEL a nucleic acid! AN IMAGE WILL BE SHOWN ON THE NEXT SLIDE!
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Nucleotide O
O=P-O
Phosphate
Group N
Nitrogenous base
(A, G, C, or T)
CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 5
Sugar
(deoxyribose)
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DNA - double helix P O 1 2 3 4 5 P O 1 2 3 4 5 G C T A
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