1. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Part 2: Gluconeogenesis and PPP Chapter 14

2. Gluconeogenesis and PPP Learning Goals. Know: 1.Entry to gluconeogenesis. 2.Glycolysis backwards: which enzymes are at Eq and those that are the drivers. 3.What makes some amino acids glucogenic. 4.Pentose Phosphate Pathway entry by glucose-6-P and transaldolases, transketolases. 5.Why the PPP is a web pathway.

3. Gluconeogenesis Forms Sugars from Other Metabolites

4. Going Forwards and Backwards

5. The Beginning of Gluconeogenesis

6. Pyruvate Carboxylase

7. PEP Carboxykinase

8. Pyruvate Actually Has Two Ways to PEP

9. The End of Gluconeogenesis

10. Gluconeogenesis Energetics EOC Problem 21: overall energetics of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis. EOC Problem 22: Concept of a Futile Cycle.

12. Pentose Phosphate Pathway Beginning +aromatic amino acids + His

13. SuperOxide Dismutase NADPH and Oxygen Toxicity

14. PPP Beginning from Glucose-6-Phosphate

15. Lactonase

16. 6-Phosphogluconate DH

17. Phosphopentose Isomerase (not an Epimerase)

18. Ribose-5-Phosphate Epimerase

19. PPP the Web like Pathway Stuck onto the Side of Glycolysis

20. PPP Transketolases transfer 2 Carbon units

22. PPP Transaldolases transfer 3 Carbon units

23. Another Transketolase

24. PPP Arranged to Oxidize Glucose (6 in and 5 out) 6 Glucose-6-P

25. Control of PPP by NADPH

26. PPP Functions: 1.Produce Ribose-5-P for Nucleotide Synthesis 2.Produce Ribose-5-P for His Synthesis 3.Produce Erythrose-4P for Trp, Tyr, Phe Synthesis WYF 4.Can Completely Oxidize Glucose 5.Source of NADPH (Biosynthesis, Oxygen Killing System) 6.Can be Rearranged to Calvin Cycle – Fix CO 2 7.Other Specialized Reasons (Heterofermenters, etc. mainly in prokaryotes)

27. Things to Know and Do Before Class 1.Entry to gluconeogenesis. 2.Glycolysis backwards: which enzymes are at Eq and those that are the drivers. 3.What makes some amino acids glucogenic. 4.Pentose Phosphate Pathway entry by glucose-6-P and transaldolases, transketolases. 5.Why the PPP is a web pathway. 6.EOC Problems: 21, 22, 25 – 27.