1. On-going developments for Wireless Industrial Applications (WIA) in CEPT/ECC Workshop on Wireless Resources for advanced Manufacturing Brussels, 30 October 2014 Thomas Weber, ECO, Spectrum Management (and WGFM/SRD/MG Chairman)

2. Content On-going work in ECC on WIA (Wireless Industrial Applications) Use of mitigation techniques for foreseen regulatory approach in 5725-5875 MHz Challenge of higher emission levels with regard to impact on users in a band Mitigation example: 5 GHz DFS mechanism Draft CEPT Report 57 – Compatibility with WAS/RLAN Regulatory principles for applications under general authorisation Other opportunities

3. Wireless industrial applications – Studies in CEPT ETSI proposal investigated in CEPT: ETSI system reference document TR 102 889-2 on technical characteristics for SRD equipment for wireless industrial applications requesting 76 MHz of preferably continuous spectrum Spectrum compatibility studies completed: ECC Report 206: Compatibility studies in the band 5725-5875 MHz between SRD equipment for wireless industrial applications and other systems. WIA was assumed to have access to the whole spectrum 5725 to 5875 MHz. WIA with a maximum e.i.r.p. of 400 mW limited to indoor deployment would have an impact on other services/systems similar to the impact resulting from SRD devices deployed outdoor according to existing regulations (25 mW). Therefore, an indoor restriction may be seen as equivalent to existing regulations and thus sufficient for the protection of other services/systems. However, indoor limitation is not advocated and this should also not get confused with a limit of 25 mW at the fence of an industrial site.

4. Wireless industrial applications – 5 GHz range - with regard to mitigation techniques Recent studies on Wireless Industrial Applications in SRD/MG and PT SE24 with higher emission levels up to 400 mW in 5725-5875 MHz: DFS (protection of radiolocation), DAA (protection of broadband fixed wireless access, intelligent transportation services, road tolling applications) – ALWAYS -, APC (automatic power control) based on potential industrial outdoor use (indoor use is not the problem). Regulatory concept for public consultation approval at the next WGFM meeting. WIA is currently considered in ECC for inclusion in ANNEX 2 of ERC/REC 70-03 150 MHz bandwidth and great potential for regional/global harmonisation ETSI ERM TG41 creating a new harmonised European standard – as requested by ECC/WGFM 5725-5875 MHz≤ 400 mW e.i.r.p.APC required Adequate spectrum sharing mechanisms (e.g. DFS and DAA) shall be implemented Modulation bandwidth ≥ 1 MHz and ≤ 20 MHz Wireless Industrial Automation (WIA) Networks The Adaptive Power Control has a range of at least 12 dB (dynamic range between 400 mW and 25 mW)

5. fence 25 mW e.i.r.p. as used by non-specific SRD applications Industrial Facility Higher emission levels for WIA -> therefore: mitigations needed Other users Difference in the impact on other users Challenge: impact on others

6. Mitigation techniques: example DFS The ECC Report 192 on the current status of DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) in the 5 GHz frequency range published. Severe interference into weather radars (> 200 reported cases in 2012) in a considerable number of European countries caused by unlicensed outdoor fixed service links links (mis-?)using WAS/RLAN equipment. Reasons: Mainly intentional illegal use or non-compliant equipment. There is some motivation to switch off the DFS! Mitigation must fit to the application/intentions. What do administrations learn from it? Mitigation mechanism settings should not be accessible by the user - directly or indirectly

7. Draft CEPT Report 57 – Compatibility with WAS/RLAN Compatibility with Wireless Industrial Applications (WIA) The calculations lead to significant separation distances, in particular in the cases where both systems operate without wall or building separation. Nevertheless, compatibility can be achieved through a coordination procedure within factory premises where WIA are deployed, taking into account that: It is expected that the operation of wireless devices (including WIA and RLAN) within the industrial premises would be controlled by the factory management; Frequency separation can be applied considering that frequencies outside the 5725-5875 MHz band are available for RLAN; The sharing scenarios addressed may benefit from the implementation of mitigation techniques in WIA as described in ECC Report 206. For example, a detect and avoid mechanism is required in WIA for the compatibility between WIA and BFWA.

8. Regulatory principles for applications under general authorisation (I) SRD strategy: in CEPT Report 14, and a detailed explanation is in section 3.1 of CEPT Report 26, further outlined in CEPT Report 44. One important element from the SRD strategy is not to create new application specific frequency designations, i.e. use existing SRD bands on the basis of equal access to spectrum (no exclusive access to spectrum). This means for Industrial applications: regulation cannot distinguish between bigger and smaller installations. Application and Technology neutrality: The debate on neutrality for SRD’s took place during the writing of CEPT Report 44 and ECC Report 181. The consensus is that application neutrality should be strived for as much as possible, but technology neutrality is in conflict with spectrum efficiency. This should, besides the need for protection of primary services, be the main argument to have technology specific requirements for different frequency ranges.

9. Regulatory principles for applications under general authorisation (II) Spectrum efficiency for SRDs as a goal: Spectrum efficiency for SRDs is described in ECC Report 181. The main goal is to achieve a good group spectrum efficiency by describing the sharing environment with a minimum set of technical parameters. The main focus is on the physical and medium access layer of the OSI model, leaving the rest to be described in European standards. Intra SRD Sharing requirements: For intra-SRD sharing, a “predictable sharing environment” needs to be defined; this is the minimum set of technical regulatory parameters with which the harmonised standard addresses the sharing question. ECC compatibility studies in combination with the required technical application performance provide the technical base for this regulation. 2.4 GHz: The Medium Utilisation Factor (MUF) as described in the latest edition of EN 300 328 is a good example for a more polite spectrum access in line with the aforementioned principles. An increase in the number of wireless equipments should not paralyse a band through interference. Realisations/implementations in the industrial field should take account of this challenge. Sharing is the key.

10. Other opportunities New frequency opportunities for networked SRDs in 870-876/915-921 MHz (upper band is part of ISM band in the Americas) with emmission levels up to 500mW; bands are today underused in Europe. ‘DECT extension band’ (e.g. DECT ULE) as band for non-specific SRD applications in 1900-1920 MHz (see CEPT Report 52) studied, for applications with DCS but also with DC spectrum access; regulatory approach under development; UWB regulation 6-8.5 GHz – already harmonised and provides some flexibility for smart solutions and ‘equivalent mitigations’; For applications under individual authorisations (e.g. extreme low latency/high reliability): Review 400 MHz PMR/PAMR frequencies started ) or 700 MHz M2M.

11. Thank you for you attention Thomas.Weber@eco.cept.org www.cept.org/eco www.cept.org/ecc Questions??