2. Better prevent than cure Risk Prevention On board ship Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL 2009

3. - Incidents - Near-misses - Lost time - Accidents - Injuries - Deaths Effect We must find the Root Causes Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL - Vision - Values - Common goals Environment - Training - Purchasing policy - OH& Safety policies and procedures - Maintenance procedures - Information systems Systems - State of equipment - Conditions in the workplace - Behaviour Exposure

4. Remember Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

5. Regulations in force Accident Prevention

6. - Technical development. - Increased safety awareness. - Accident prevention = Safety culture. - All accidents are preventable and occur from: - Unsafe actions. - Failure to follow correct procedure. - Constantly thinking safety. - Always setting targets for continuous improvement. Decrease of personal Injuries Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Since 1990s

7. Legislation : ISM CODE Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Prevention of human injury or loss of life Objective of safety management system of Company : - Provide for safe practices in ship operation and safe working environment. - Safeguards against all identified risk. - Improve safety management skills of personnel aboard ships. Code requirements : - Safety policy. - Development of plans for shipboard operations. - Emergency preparedness. - Reports and analysis of accidents and hazardous occurrences.

8. ILO – MLC 2006 Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS

9. Legislation : ILO C152 Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Occupational Safety and Health (Dock work) 1979 - Provide for fire fighting where dock work is carried out machinery: - Dangerous parts to be guarded. - Provision to cut off power in case of emergency. - Safe access to the ship when alongside. - Safe access from deck to the bottom of the holds with fixed stairway. - Protection of openings in deck where workers are require to work.

10. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS - Safe working condition of lifting appliances: - Five-yearly testing. - Annual inspection. - Availability of register of lifting appliances. - Availability of rigging plans. Occupational Safety and Health (Dock work) 1979 Legislation : ILO C152

11. Prevention of accidents (Seafarers) Convention 1970 Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Compliance with a “Code of Practice”: - Structural features of the ship. - Machinery. - Special safety measures on and below deck. - Loading and unloading equipment. - Anchors, chains and lines. - Dangerous cargo and ballast. - Personnel protective equipment. Obligation by owner to provide: - Protective equipment. - Other accident prevention safeguards. Legislation : ILO C134

12. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS - Safe access to the ship when alongside. - Safe access from deck to the bottom of the holds. - Protection of openings in deck which might be dangerous to workers. - Efficient lighting: - Means of access. - Places were workers are employed. - Safe working condition of lifting appliances: - Quadrennial thorough examinations. - Annual inspections. - Documentary evidence. Protection against Accidents (Dockers) 1932 Legislation : ILO C32

13. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Hazards on Ships

14. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Only problem areas, which have been give rise to observations during surveys/audit, are dealt with in following slides. 4.1 Work activities. 4.2 Emergency situations. 4.3 Living conditions. 4.4 Ship’s environment. 4.5 Contact with persons. Identification of Hazards

15. Hazards - Working activities Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS - Anchoring, mooring and towing - What to do if anchor does not run? - What to do if stow of chain stops? - Lifting operations - What to do if lifting gear jams under load? - How to know the weight of loads to handle? - Painting - Permit-to-work available for painting aloft? - Use of working equipment

16. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS - Entering enclosed/confined spaces - Calibration of measuring equipment? - Manual handling - Maintenance - Obstruction of safety equipment and emergency escapes? - Hot work - Permit-to-work available? - Hazardous substances - Asbestos dust? - Fumigation? Hazards - Working activities

17. Hazards : Fire Location Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Machinery Spaces Unknown External Fire Sources Cargo Pump Room Accommodation Cargo area Where on board the Ship?

18. Hazards : Fires Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Heat Hot surfaces Electrical Unknown Hot work Internal to machinery Causes in Machinery Spaces

19. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 30% UnknownExternalHumanElectrical short spark Gallery cocking Hot Surfaces Exhaust stack Hot work Heaters Portable Heaters 25% Hazards : Ignition Sources Causes in Accommodations

20. Hazards : Ignition Sources Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% UnknownChemical Reaction External Item Hot Surface Exhaust Sparks Electrical Short Spark Hot Work Explosion Cargo Firework HumanStatic Electricity Lighting Causes in Cargo area

21. Hazards : Lifeboat Incidents Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS 0% 15% 30% 45% 60% 90% Free fall 75% Enclosed with onboard release Open with onboard release Open without onboard release by Type

22. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% DrillsSurveyMaintenance Hazards : Lifeboat Incidents by Activity

23. Hazards : Lifeboat Incidents Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 60% 50% Design fault Equipment failure Lack of maintenance Lack of communication Failure to follow the procedure Lack of training Primary Causes

24. Hazards : Lifeboat Incidents Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% BrakeHook Quick release OtherGripe release Boat activated release Fall wire by Equipment Failure

25. Hazards : Lifeboat Incidents Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Boat Activated release Hook Quick release OtherBrakeDavit by Lack of Maintenance

26. Hazards - Emergency Situations Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS - Drills - Casualty - Procedure for transportation of casualty. - Helicopter operations - Contingency plan in case of crashing of helicopter on deck.

27. Hazards - Living Conditions Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS - Handling storing provisions. - Food preparation. - Gaseous fuel for domestic purpose. - Laundry spaces.

28. Hazards - Ship’s Environment Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS - Safe movement about the ship: - Transit areas. - Lighting. - Access to holds. - Drainage. - Safe access to the ship: - Accommodation ladder. - Pilot ladder.

29. Hazards Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Lack of Communication with ratings

30. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Accident prevention Health of Seafarer

31. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Seafarer’s Health Factors which can degrade crew performance

32. Seafarer’s Health Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Comfort Marine Labour Convention foresees requirements and guidelines for: - Ventilation. - Heating. - Lighting. - Sanitary conditions. - Prevention of noise and vibrations. - Recreational facilities.

33. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Seafarer’s Health Individual Responsibility - Personal cleanliness. - Sensible diet. - Adequate sleep during rest periods. - Regular exercise. - Avoidance of excess alcohol / tobacco. - Prompt attendance to cuts / abrasions. - Maintenance of working clothes and protective equipment. - Appropriate dress for the work and climate. - Avoidance of recreational drugs.

34. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Accident prevention Personal Protective Equipment

35. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Personal Protective Equipment - Head protection - Helmet, bump cap, hair net. - Hearing protection - Disposal or re-usable ear plugs,... - Face and eye protection - Infra-red by gas welding. - Ultra-violet by electrical welding. - Exposure to chemicals, particles and foreign bodies. - Respiratory equipment - Respiration filters dust, positive pressure powered, cartridge type. - Breathing apparatus

36. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Personal Protective Equipment - Hand and foot protection. - Protection from falls. - Safety harness. - Body protection. - High visible clothing. - Protection against drowning. - Protection against hypothermia. See MLC module Since July 2007, immersion suit for each person is Mandatory.

37. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Accident prevention Safety Information

38. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Safety Signs 7.1 Signs and symbols - Very effective. 7.2 Marking - Dangerous good packages. - Gas cylinders. - Portable fire extinguishers. 7.3 Colour codes - Electrical wires. - Piping. 7.4 Posters and safety notices - Usual issued by P&I Clubs and Administrations.

39. Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL Safety Signs

40. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Safety Posters

41. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Safety Posters

42. Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS Safety Notices

43. Accident Ship and Equipment RecordsEnvironment Management ProceduresPersonnel BehaviourOrganisation Technology Ergonomic Psychology Standardisation People Soft Material Hard Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL Causes & Effect : Accident

44. Accidents Statistics Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

45. What Type of Ship 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Fishing boats Cargo vessels Others vessels Foreign flag vessels 186 cases ( 198 Vessels ) - Cargo vessels 178 89.9 % - Fishing boats 3 1.5 % - Tankers 8 4.0 % - Others vessels 1 0.5 % Tanker vessels Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

46. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% GroundingCollisionOtherCapsizingLoss of vessel Fire - Collision 125 33.0 % - Grounding 72 19.0 % - Loss of vessel 54 14.2 % - Loss of life 49 12.9 % - Collision (single) 47 12.4 % - Fire 2 0.6 % - Capsizing 1 0.3 % - Other 29 7.7 % Collision single Loss of life 379 cases on 1446 marines causalities Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL What Type of Accident

47. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% GroundingCollision single - Collision 167 89,9 % - Grounding 13 7.0 % - Collision (single) 4 2.2 % - Distress 1 0.5 % - Obstruction 1 0.5 % ObstructionDistress Foreign flag vessels 186 cases ( 198 Vessels ) Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL What Type of Accident

48. Where: Areas of accident Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Narrow channel Coastal water Heavy Traffic area InternationalInside Port area Foreign flag vessels 186 cases ( 198 Vessels ) - Coastal waters 48 25.8 % - Narrow channels 46 24.7 % - Heavy traffic areas 36 19.4 % - Inside port areas 32 17.2 % - International 24 12.9 %

49. Operation of Ship 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Foreign flag vessels 186 cases ( 198 Vessels ) - Sailing 156 78.8 % - Entering the port 15 7.6 % - Anchoring 11 5.6 % - Leaving port 9 4.5 % - Mooring 5 2.5 % - Other 2 1.0 % Entering the port SailingAnchoringOtherMooringLeaving port Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

50. Damage of Ship 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Foreign flag vessels 186 cases ( 198 Vessels ) Severe damage Minor damage Total looses No damage - Minor damage 151 76.3 % - Severe damage 26 13.1 % - Total losses 11 5.6 % - No damage 10 5.1 % Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

51. Causes of Collision 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% - Improper lookout 79 34.3 % - Violation against steering rules 73 31.7 % - Failure to sound signals 43 18.7 % - Improper selection of speed 20 8.7 % - Improper command 7 3.0 % - Other 8 3.5 % Total : 230 cases Violation against steering rules Improper lookout Failure to Sound signal OtherImproper command Improper Selection of speed Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

52. Cause of Grounding 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Speed selection Check ship position Course selection Ship handling Check of water ways Weather & sea condition - Failure to check ship’s position 6 42.9 % - Improper speed selection 2 14.3 % - Improper course selection 2 14.3 % - Insufficient consideration to weather and sea condition 2 14.3 % - Improper check of water ways 1 7.1 % - Improper ship handling 1 7.1 % Total : 14 cases Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

53. Cause of other Cases 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Violation against steering rules Improper lookout Inappropriate Sound signal OtherImproper Selection of speed - Improper lookout 79 31.6 % - Violation against steering rules 73 29.2 % - Inappropriate sound signals 43 17.2 % - Improper selection of speed 22 8.8 % - Other 33 13.2 % Total : 250 cases Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

54. Steering rules applied 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Restricted visibility In a crossing Ordinary practice OtherOvertaking vessel According to Port regulation - Steering rule in a crossing 31 42.5 % - Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility 15 20.5 % - Ordinary practice of seaman 10 13.7 % - Steering rule according to port regulation 6 8.2 % - Steering rule of overtaking vessel 6 8.2 % - Other steering rules 2 2.7 % Total : 73 cases Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

55. Inappropriate Sound Signal 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Fog signal Warning signal Attention signal - Warning signal 32 74.4 % - Fog signal 10 23.3 % - Attention signal 1 2.3 % Total : 43 cases Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

56. Cause of the part of the other Vessel 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% - Improper lookout 93 36.0 % - Improper sound signal 56 21.7 % - Violation against steering rules 40 15.5 % - Improper command 27 10.5 % - Improper selection of speed 14 5.4 % - Improper reporting or hand over 12 4.7 % - Dozing off 12 4.7 % - Other causes 4 1.6 % Total : 258 cases Improper sound signal Improper lookout OtherDozing offViolation against steering rules Improper reporting or hand over Improper selection of speed Improper command Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

57. Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL 1200 H 1000 H 1400 H 1600 H 0800 H 1800 H 0600 H 2000 H 0400 H 0200 H 2200 H 0000 H 12 10 8 12 11 10 6 6 6 9 9 6 7 7 13 11 9 3 5 5 3 2 6 Time of the event

58. Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL 000022002000 0800 0600 04000200 1600 1400 12001000 2 % 1 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 3 months mobile averages 1800 Time of the event

59. 000022002000180008000600040002001600140012001000 2000 1000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Number of errors of reading Fatigue Effect Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

60. Cargo Claims 40 20 60 80 100 % of accidents reported Personal Injuries & Illness Collisions Contacts Oils Pollution Miscellaneous Accident reported to P&I Clubs Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

61. I The system you must know II Near misses accident you will survey IIIProcedures you will follow IV Periodical audits you will do V Return of experience you will use Them, my son, you will have a long live VI Human error you will take into account VII Errors and faults you will distinguish you will distinguishVIII Redundancy loops you will identify IX In degraded situation you will be more attentive X Operating in degraded situation you must be train before