1. SPOTTED HORSES AND HUMAN HANDS Pech-Merle Cave. Dordogne, France
SPOTTED HORSES AND HUMAN HANDS Pech-Merle Cave. Dordogne, France. Horses 25,000-24,000 BCE; hands c. 15,000 BCE. Paint on limestone, individual horses over 5' (1.5 m) in length. [Fig ]
SPOTTED HORSES AND HUMAN HANDS Pech-Merle Cave. Dordogne, France. Horses 25,000-24,000 BCE; hands c. 15,000 BCE. Paint on limestone, individual horses over 5' (1.5 m) in length. [Fig ]

2. RAINBOW SERPENT ROCK Western Arnhem Land, Australia. [Fig. 01-02]

3. PREHISTORIC EUROPE [Map 01-01]

4. PALEOLITHIC HAND-AXE From Isimila Korongo, Tanzania. 60,000 years ago
PALEOLITHIC HAND-AXE From Isimila Korongo, Tanzania. 60,000 years ago. Stone, height 10" (25.4 cm). [Fig ]
PALEOLITHIC HAND-AXE From Isimila Korongo, Tanzania. 60,000 years ago. Stone, height 10" (25.4 cm). [Fig ]

5. DECORATED OCHER From Blombos Cave, southern Cape coast, South Africa
DECORATED OCHER From Blombos Cave, southern Cape coast, South Africa. 75,000 years ago. [Fig ]
DECORATED OCHER From Blombos Cave, southern Cape coast, South Africa. 75,000 years ago. [Fig ]

6. RECONSTRUCTION DRAWING OF MAMMOTH-BONE HOUSES Ukraine. c
RECONSTRUCTION DRAWING OF MAMMOTH-BONE HOUSES Ukraine. c. 16,000-10,000 BCE. [Fig ]
RECONSTRUCTION DRAWING OF MAMMOTH-BONE HOUSES Ukraine. c. 16,000-10,000 BCE. [Fig ]

7. LION-HUMAN From Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany. c. 30,000-26,000 BCE
LION-HUMAN From Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany. c. 30,000-26,000 BCE. Mammoth ivory, height 11-5/8" (29.6 cm). Ulmer Museum, Ulm, Germany. [Fig ]
LION-HUMAN From Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany. c. 30,000-26,000 BCE. Mammoth ivory, height 11-5/8" (29.6 cm). Ulmer Museum, Ulm, Germany. [Fig ]

8. WOMAN FROM WILLENDORF Austria. c. 24,000 BCE
WOMAN FROM WILLENDORF Austria. c. 24,000 BCE. Limestone, height 4-3/8" (11 cm). Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. [Fig ]
WOMAN FROM WILLENDORF Austria. c. 24,000 BCE. Limestone, height 4-3/8" (11 cm). Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. [Fig ]

9. WOMAN FROM DOLNÍ VĔSTONICE Moravia, Czech Republic. 23,000 BCE
WOMAN FROM DOLNÍ VĔSTONICE Moravia, Czech Republic. 23,000 BCE. Fired clay, 4-1/4" × 1-7/10" (11 × 4.3 cm). Moravske Museum, Brno, Czech Republic. [Fig ]
WOMAN FROM DOLNÍ VĔSTONICE Moravia, Czech Republic. 23,000 BCE. Fired clay, 4-1/4" × 1-7/10" (11 × 4.3 cm). Moravske Museum, Brno, Czech Republic. [Fig ]

10. WOMAN FROM BRASSEMPOUY Grotte du Pape, Brassempouy, Landes, France
WOMAN FROM BRASSEMPOUY Grotte du Pape, Brassempouy, Landes, France. Probably c. 30,000 BCE. Ivory, height 1-1/4" (3.6 cm). Musée des Antiquités Nationales, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France. [Fig ]
WOMAN FROM BRASSEMPOUY Grotte du Pape, Brassempouy, Landes, France. Probably c. 30,000 BCE. Ivory, height 1-1/4" (3.6 cm). Musée des Antiquités Nationales, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France. [Fig ]

11. TECHNIQUE: Prehistoric Wall Painting

12. WALL PAINTING WITH HORSES, RHINOCEROSES, AND AUROCHS Chauvet Cave
WALL PAINTING WITH HORSES, RHINOCEROSES, AND AUROCHS Chauvet Cave. Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, Ardèche Gorge, France. c. 32,000-30,000 BCE. Paint on limestone. [Fig ]
WALL PAINTING WITH HORSES, RHINOCEROSES, AND AUROCHS Chauvet Cave. Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, Ardèche Gorge, France. c. 32,000-30,000 BCE. Paint on limestone. [Fig ]

13. HALL OF BULLS Lascaux Cave. Dordogne, France. c. 15,000 BCE
HALL OF BULLS Lascaux Cave. Dordogne, France. c. 15,000 BCE. Paint on limestone, length of largest auroch (bull) 18' (5.50 m). [Fig ]
HALL OF BULLS Lascaux Cave. Dordogne, France. c. 15,000 BCE. Paint on limestone, length of largest auroch (bull) 18' (5.50 m). [Fig ]

14. BIRD-HEADED MAN WITH BISON Shaft scene in Lascaux Cave. c. 15,000 BCE
BIRD-HEADED MAN WITH BISON Shaft scene in Lascaux Cave. c. 15,000 BCE. Paint on limestone, length approx. 9' (2.75 m). [Fig ]
BIRD-HEADED MAN WITH BISON Shaft scene in Lascaux Cave. c. 15,000 BCE. Paint on limestone, length approx. 9' (2.75 m). [Fig ]

15. BISON Ceiling of a cave at Altamira, Spain. c. 12,500 BCE
BISON Ceiling of a cave at Altamira, Spain. c. 12,500 BCE. Paint on limestone, length approx. 8'3" (2.5 m). [Fig ]
BISON Ceiling of a cave at Altamira, Spain. c. 12,500 BCE. Paint on limestone, length approx. 8'3" (2.5 m). [Fig ]

16. BISON Le Tuc d'Audoubert, France. c. 13,000 BCE
BISON Le Tuc d'Audoubert, France. c. 13,000 BCE. Unbaked clay, length 25" (63.5 cm) and 24" (60.9 cm). [Fig ]
BISON Le Tuc d'Audoubert, France. c. 13,000 BCE. Unbaked clay, length 25" (63.5 cm) and 24" (60.9 cm). [Fig ]

17. RECONSTRUCTION drawing OF LEPENSKI VIR HOUSE/SHRINE Serbia. 6000 BCE
RECONSTRUCTION drawing OF LEPENSKI VIR HOUSE/SHRINE Serbia BCE. [Fig ]
RECONSTRUCTION drawing OF LEPENSKI VIR HOUSE/SHRINE Serbia BCE. [Fig ]

18. HUMAN-FISH SCULPTURE From Lepenski Vir, Serbia. c. 6300-5500 BCE. [Fig

19. MEN TAUNTING A DEER (?) Detail of a wall painting from Çatalhöyük, Turkey. c BCE. Museum of Anatolian Civilization, Ankara, Turkey. [Fig ]
MEN TAUNTING A DEER (?) Detail of a wall painting from Çatalhöyük, Turkey. c BCE. Museum of Anatolian Civilization, Ankara, Turkey. [Fig ]

20. A CLOSER LOOK: A House in Çatalhöyük Reconstruction drawing. Turkey
A CLOSER LOOK: A House in Çatalhöyük Reconstruction drawing. Turkey BCE.
A CLOSER LOOK: A House in Çatalhöyük Reconstruction drawing. Turkey BCE.

21. SESKLO STONE-FOUNDATION HOUSE Sesklo, northern Greece. 6500 BCE. [Fig

22. TOMB INTERIOR WITH CORBELING AND ENGRAVED STONES Newgrange, Ireland. c
TOMB INTERIOR WITH CORBELING AND ENGRAVED STONES Newgrange, Ireland. c BCE. [Fig ]
TOMB INTERIOR WITH CORBELING AND ENGRAVED STONES Newgrange, Ireland. c BCE. [Fig ]

23. STONEHENGE FROM THE AIR Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England. c
STONEHENGE FROM THE AIR Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England. c BCE. [Fig ]
STONEHENGE FROM THE AIR Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England. c BCE. [Fig ]

24. STONEHENGE FROM THE GROUND [Fig. 01-21]

25. ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: Early construction methods

26. PLAN OF STONEHENGE AND ITS SURROUNDING SETTLEMENTS [Fig. 01-22]

27. RECONSTRUCTION DRAWING OF DURRINGTON WALLS The settlement at Durrington Walls, near Stonehenge, southern England BCE. [Fig ]
RECONSTRUCTION DRAWING OF DURRINGTON WALLS The settlement at Durrington Walls, near Stonehenge, southern England BCE. [Fig ]

28. EARLY POTTERY FROM JAPAN'S JOMON CULTURE 12,000 BCE. [Fig. 01-24]

29. EARLY POTTERY FROM THE FRANCHTHI CAVE, GREECE 6500 BCE. [Fig. 01-25]

30. FIGURES OF A WOMAN AND A MAN From Cernavodă, Romania. c. 4500 BCE
FIGURES OF A WOMAN AND A MAN From Cernavodă, Romania. c BCE. Ceramic, height 4-1/2" (11.5 cm). National History Museum, Bucharest. [Fig ]
FIGURES OF A WOMAN AND A MAN From Cernavodă, Romania. c BCE. Ceramic, height 4-1/2" (11.5 cm). National History Museum, Bucharest. [Fig ]

31. FIGURES OF A WOMAN AND A MAN From Cernavodă, Romania. c. 4500 BCE
FIGURES OF A WOMAN AND A MAN From Cernavodă, Romania. c BCE. Ceramic, height 4-1/2" (11.5 cm). National History Museum, Bucharest.G70 [Fig ]
FIGURES OF A WOMAN AND A MAN From Cernavodă, Romania. c BCE. Ceramic, height 4-1/2" (11.5 cm). National History Museum, Bucharest.G70 [Fig ]

32. HUMAN FIGURE From 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan. 6500 BCE
HUMAN FIGURE From 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan BCE. Fired lime plaster with cowrie shell, bitumen, and paint, height approx. 35" (90 cm). National Museum, Amman, Jordan. [Fig ]
HUMAN FIGURE From 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan BCE. Fired lime plaster with cowrie shell, bitumen, and paint, height approx. 35" (90 cm). National Museum, Amman, Jordan. [Fig ]

33. GOLD-ADORNED FACE MASK From Tomb 3, Varna I, Bulgaria
GOLD-ADORNED FACE MASK From Tomb 3, Varna I, Bulgaria. Neolithic, 3800 BCE. Terra cotta and gold. Archaeological Museum, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. [Fig ]
GOLD-ADORNED FACE MASK From Tomb 3, Varna I, Bulgaria. Neolithic, 3800 BCE. Terra cotta and gold. Archaeological Museum, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. [Fig ]

34. GOLD SCEPTERS From Varna, Bulgaria. 3800 BCE
GOLD SCEPTERS From Varna, Bulgaria BCE. National Museum of History, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Fig ]
GOLD SCEPTERS From Varna, Bulgaria BCE. National Museum of History, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Fig ]

35. ROCK ART: BOAT AND SEA BATTLE Fossum, northern Bohuslän, Sweden
ROCK ART: BOAT AND SEA BATTLE Fossum, northern Bohuslän, Sweden. Bronze Age, c BCE. [Fig ]
ROCK ART: BOAT AND SEA BATTLE Fossum, northern Bohuslän, Sweden. Bronze Age, c BCE. [Fig ]