1. Bellwork #2
Answer the following question on the first page of the first section in your 3-subject notebook.
What do you know about America before Columbus got here?

2. August 20th: Bellwork #2
“The colonizers brought along plants and animals new to the Americas, some by design and others by accident. Determined to farm in a European manner, the colonists introduced their domesticated livestock- honeybees, pigs, horses, mules, sheep, and cattle- and their domesticated plants. In sum, the remaking of the Americas was a team effort by a set of interdependent species led and partially managed (but never fully controlled (by the European people)”.
Summarize this into 140 characters.

3. Real Question!!
The export of New World crops to the Old World transformed European society mostly by:
A. improving diets and thereby stimulating population growth
B. encouraging enclosure of open lands and pushing workers off farms
C. Promoting greater exploration of the interior of the American continents
D. fostering conflicts among major powers over access to new food supplies

4. A!
“This option is correct. The export of New World crops to the Old World most significantly improved diets in Europe due to population growth.

5. Today’s Agenda: Bellwork Lecture with guided notes
Venn Diagram on Aztecs, Incas, Mayas
TOD

6. Today’s Agenda Bellwork Textbooks/Interactive Notebooks
Lecture with guided notes
Start dropping knowledge!

7. Time Period: 33,000 BCE – 1769 CE

8. Start with 6 minutes left!

9. The Shaping of North America
Earth= billions of years old
Written history= 6,000 years old
European colonization in “new world”= 500 years old

10. Pangaea (225 million years old)

13. Over millions of year . . . Continental drift moves continents apart
Shifting and folding of earth’s crust creates landforms

14. Such as . . .

19. 2 million years ago . . .

23. Peopling the Americas
During the Ice Age, sea levels dropped

25. People cross bridge
Ice Age ends, ice melts (about 10,000 years ago)
Sea levels rise
People cut off from each other

26. By 1492, approximately 54 million people inhabited North and South America!

27. 3 major south American societies
Incas (Peru)
Aztecs (Mexico)
Mayans (Central America)

29. Aztecs, Incas, Mayans Agriculturally advanced (maize)
Complex cultures/societies
Mathematics, astrology, fierce warriors
No draft animals

30. Revolutionary!

31. Think-Pair-Share
Why is corn revolutionary?

32. Cultivation of maize (corn):
Transforms ancient societies from:
Small, nomadic, hunter-gatherer groups
to:
Large, settled, organized agricultural villages

35. An aside . . . The Aztecs practiced human sacrifice
Some estimates suggests about 5,000 people per year were ritually slaughtered

36. But . . .
Between 1530 and 1630, England executed 75,000 people

41. Maize Reached different societies in North America at different times
Southwest: around 2000 BCE

42. Pueblos

48. FYI
Pueblo means village in Spanish and actually refers to a variety of Southwestern cultural groups

49. South vs. North American societies
Impermanent settlements vs. large nation-states
This difference will affect how easily Europeans can take over

50. Exceptions:
Cahokia- (near present-day St. Louis) was once home to about 25,000 people
Chaco Canyon (modern day New Mexico)
Both fell into decline by about 1300 CE

53. About 1000 CE
Three-sisters farming

54. Why is this important?

55. Nutrient Rich diet produced:
High population density in the North:
Creek
Choctaw
Cherokee

56. Iroquois Confederacy
Leader: Hiawatha
Read: pages 36 and 37

57. Women in Native American societies:
In most settled agricultural groups:
Women tended crops while men hunted and fished and gathered fuel
Women had substantial societal authority
Matrilineal societies

58. Native Americans and Nature
Europeans vs. Native American views
Neither desire or means
Did have an effect

59. Exit Ticket Look at the map on pg. 9 of Pageant book Questions:
Are you surprised at the number of tribes on the map?
How do you think the variety of tribes/cultures will impact European colonization of North America?