1. Building An Empire

2. Spanish-American War Causes Humanitarian Concerns Yellow Journalism
Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
Protect U.S. economic interest in Cuba
De Lôme Letter called McKinley “weak”
Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
Results
U.S. get Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam
Cuba became a virtual U.S. protectorate
Why the War is Considered a Turning Point
Ended Spanish colonial empire in America
Saw emergence of US as a world Power

3. U.S. Colonial Empire Reasons for Colonial Expansion
Need for raw materials and markets
Colonies would help U.S. naval strength
Nationalism – show other nations how strong U.S. had become
Missionaries sought to spread Christianity
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Wrote The Influences of Sea Power upon History
Argued for making U.S. into a world power
U.S. needed a strong navy to protect its colonial interests.

4. U.S. Involvement: Pacific
Philippines – Filipinos rebel and resist U.S. rule
Hawaii – Queen Liliuokalani tried to take political power back from the American landowners. Sandford Dole led to provisional government while it worked out U.S. annexation.
Pacific Islands – Guam, Samoa, Midway serve as refueling stations

5. U.S Involvement: East Asia
China European powers establish “spheres of influence” in China
John Hay’s Open Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion (1900) – uprising by Boxers against Western influence in China; foreign interventions suppresses the uprising
Japan – Commodore Perry opens Japan to trade and ends Japan’s traditional isolation
Treaty of Portsmouth 1905 – T. Roosevelt negotiated between Russia and Japan after Japan wins the Russo-Japanese War.

6. U.S Involvement: The Caribbean
Reasons for U.S. Interest in Caribbean
Hemispheric security
America acquires Puerto Rico and establishes indirect control of Cuba
Protect its economic investments
Panama Canal
Construction of Panama Canal
President T. Roosevelt helps Panamanians rebel against Colombia for a Canal Zone
U.S takes 10 years to construct canal, ends the need for a two-ocean navy.
Dr Walter Reed discovered that yellow fever was spread by mosquitoes and Dr William Gorgas ordered all swamps drained, vegetation cut down, and all standing water sprayed with oil to prevent breeding of mosquitoes
Caribbean as an “American Lake”

7. U.S. Involvement: Latin America
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
The US would act as international police power
Big Stick Policy
Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy
American investment to promote American foreign policy
Wilson’s “Watchful Waiting” Policy
Refused to recognize Mexico’s new government
Pancho Villa killed people in Columbus NM, Wilson sent the American Expeditionary Force led by General John Pershing to apprehend him

8. World War I
European Causes: nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliance system
Spark starting WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Reason for US intervention in the War.
Closer ties with Britain and France
German actions and propaganda
Zimmerman telegram/note
Violation of Freedom of the Seas
Sinking of the Lusitania/Sussex Pledge
Use of unrestricted submarine warfare

9. World War I Highlights New weapons and tactics:
submarines * early tanks
machine guns * poison gas
air planes * trench warfare
Selective Service Act allowed national government to draft men to serve in the war
American Expeditionary Force US troops sent to Europe to defeat Germany
Battle of Argonne Forest major battle of WWI. Germany was defeated
Alvin York was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor

10. World War I Results
Wilson’s Fourteen Points proposed by Wilson as a basis for the peace treaty
Create new nation-states: Poland
Break up Austria-Hungary
Freedom of the Seas
No secret treaties, open diplomacy
League of Nations
Versailles and other treaties ended the war and dealt harshly with Germany
Germany lost its colonies and had to pay reparations
Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey were broken up into separate nation-states
League of Nations created

11. Important Individuals
Archduke Franz Ferdinand – his assassination sparked the start of WWI
John Pershing – Commanded the American Expeditionary Force during WWI
Woodrow Wilson – US President during WWI, issued Fourteen Points, and strongly supported US participation in the League of Nations
Henry Cabot Lodge – US Senator who led the fight against joining the League of Nations