1. 4th Grade Science

2. Which word means a conclusion based on evidence about events that have already occurred?

3. inference

4. Which word means a forecast about what may happen in some future situation?

5. Scientific prediction

6. Which word means a fair test driven by a hypothesis?

7. Experiment

8. What word means something that is deliberately changed in an experiment?

9. Independent variable

10. Which word describes variables that will change as a result of doing an experiment?

11. Dependent variable

12. Which word means an educated guess about what will happen in an experiment?

13. Hypothesis

14. Which word means something that is not allowed to change in an experiment?

15. Constant

16. This defines what is to be investigated in an experiment and is often written as a question.

17. Purpose

18. What are the step by step directions to follow in order to conduct an experiment?

19. Procedure

20. What is the list of items used in an experiment called?

21. Materials

22. What is the summary that supports or contradicts a hypothesis?

23. Conclusion

24. What is a graph, chart, or table used to display results called?

25. Data

26. What is called when you read, get advice, or make observations about a project?

27. Research

28. Which word means the ability to do work?

29. Energy

30. Which word means the result of a force moving an object through a distance?

31. Work

32. Which type of energy is moving energy?

33. Kinetic energy

34. Which type of energy is stored in an object?

35. Potential energy

36. What are three common forms of energy?

37. Electrical, mechanical, chemical

38. Which word means any combination of two or more simple machines?

39. Compound machines

40. Which machines are made of many compound machines?

41. Complex machines

42. How do machines make work easier and more efficient?

43. By changing the direction of or increasing the effect of a force

44. Which word describes the relationship of energy expended to work accomplished?

45. efficiency

46. Which word means the resistance to motion created by two objects moving against each other?

47. Friction

48. What does friction create?

49. Heat

50. Unless acted on by a force, objects in motion ______ and objects at rest _______.

51. Stay in motion; stay at rest.

52. What are negative charges called?

53. Electrons

54. What does a continuous flow of electrons create?

55. Electric current

56. What is the path taken by an electric current called?

57. Circuit

58. Which circuits allow the movement of electrical energy?

59. Closed circuits

60. Which circuits prevent the movement of electrical energy?

61. Open circuits

62. What are two units of measure used to describe electricity?

63. Hertz and amps

64. What type of voltage do common dry cell batteries generally have?

65. Low voltage

66. Which word describes materials that electrical energy moves through?

67. Conductors

68. What materials do not conduct electricity well?

69. Insulators

70. In which circuit is there only one pathway for the current?

71. Series circuit

72. In which circuit is there two or more pathways for the current?

73. Parallel circuit

74. Which word means the discharge of static electricity in the atmosphere?

75. Lightning

76. Which part of the plant anchors it and takes water and nutrients from the soil?

77. Roots

78. Which part of the plant provides support and allows movement of water nutrients?

79. Stem

80. What are the two general groups that the plant kingdom can be divided into?

81. Those that reproduce with seeds and those that reproduce with spores

82. What are the reproductive parts of the flower?

83. Stamen and pistil

84. What are the small leaves that form the housing of the developing flower?

85. Sepals

86. What is the process by which pollen is transferred from the stamen to the pistil called?

87. Pollination

88. What are two plants that reproduce with spores?

89. Ferns and mosses

90. What is the process in which green plants produce their own food called?

91. Photosynthesis

92. What do green plants use along with carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and sunlight to produce food?

93. Chlorophyll

94. What is the primary food producing part of green plants?

95. Leaves

96. What word describes a period of suspended life processes brought on by changes in the environment?

97. Dormancy

98. What are the physical attributes that help organisms meet a life need called?

99. Structural adaptations

100. What are the types of activities organisms perform to meet a life need called?

101. Behavioral adaptations

102. Which word describes all of the populations that live together in the same place?

103. Community

104. What is the organization of communities based on in a given ecosystem?

105. Utilization of energy

106. Which word describes green plants which make their own food from sunlight, air, and water?

107. Producers

108. What are animals referred to as because they eat food?

109. Consumers

110. Where is the greatest amount of energy in a community found?

111. Producers

112. What are organisms called that break down decayed plants and animals into smaller pieces that can be used again by living things?

113. Decomposers

114. Which word means the function that an organism performs in the food web of the community?

115. Niche

116. Who can have a major impact on the ecosystem?

117. Humans

118. Which word means the measure of the amount of heat energy in the atmosphere?

119. Temperature

120. What is the amount of moisture in the atmosphere called?

121. Humidity

122. What is air pressure due to?

123. Weight of the air

124. What can determine air pressure?

125. Temperature of air

126. What is the boundary between air masses of different temperature and humidity called?

127. Front

128. Which type of clouds are tall and vertical and are often called thunderheads?

129. Cumulonimbus

130. Which type of clouds are white and fluffy and are seen on nice days?

131. Cumulus

132. Which type of clouds are low hanging in layers that look like a gray haze in the sky? They can become fog.

133. Stratus

134. Which clouds are dark and normally seen when rain or snow is happening all day long?

135. Nimbostratus

136. What is a scientist that studies the weather called?

137. Meteorologist

138. Which tool is used to measure air pressure?

139. Barometer

140. Which tool is used to measure moisture in the air?

141. Hygrometer

142. Which tool measures wind speed?

143. Anemometer

144. Which tool measures precipitation?

145. Rain gauge

146. Which tool measures air temperature?

147. Thermometer

148. Which word means the travel within an orbit?

149. Revolution

150. How often does the Earth make one revolution around the sun?

151. Once every 365 days

152. How often does the moon revolve around the Earth?

153. Once every 28 days

154. When does a lunar eclipse occur?

155. When moon moves into Earth’s shadow

156. When does a solar eclipse occur?

157. When moon moves between sun and Earth

158. What causes seasons?

159. Axial tilt of the Earth during revolution around the sun

160. What causes phases of the moon to occur?

161. Moon’s position in relation to Earth and sun

162. What are the phases of the moon?

163. New, crescent, quarter, gibbous, full

164. The sun is an averaged-sized star
The sun is an averaged-sized star. How many times bigger is its diameter than the Earth’s?

165. 110

166. How many planets are in our solar system?

167. 9

168. What number planet is the Earth from the sun?

169. 3

170. What makes Earth different from other planets?

171. Large amounts of water and oxygen

172. Which two scientists believed the Earth was the center of the solar system?

173. Aristotle and Ptolemy

174. Which two scientists believed that the sun is in the center of our solar system which is what we believe today?

175. Galileo and Copernicus

176. Which space craft’s missions added a great deal to our understanding of the moon?

177. NASA Apollo

178. What are some of Virginia’s natural resources?

179. Forests, arable land, coal, sand, wildlife, clean water and air

180. Which word means an area over which surface water and materials it carries flows to a single collection place?

181. Watershed

182. Which watershed covers about half of Virginia’s land area?

183. Chesapeake Bay watershed

184. What watershed is land drained by rivers west of Roanoke part of?

185. Mississippi watershed

186. What are some of Virginia’s water resources?

187. Groundwater, rivers, bays, lakes, reservoirs, Atlantic Ocean

188. What are three things Virginia’s soil and land support?

189. Space for economic activities, great variety of life, variety of recreational opportunities