1. USNRC IRRS TRAINING Lecture 2
IAEA Safety Standards as the Basis for the IRRS Process (Part 1)

2. Outline Learning Objectives
Development and Structure of the IAEA Safety Standards
Safety Fundamentals
Photo: V. Friedrich
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

3. Learning objectives After finishing this lecture the trainee will:
be aware of the structure of the IAEA safety Standards
have an insight into the principled set by the Safety Fundamentals
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

4. Development & structure - History - Hierarchy and Structure
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

5. History – IAEA statute
Under Article III.A.6 of its Statute, the IAEA is authorized: “To establish or adopt, in consultation and, where appropriate, in collaboration with the competent organs of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies concerned, standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property.” In 1958, the IAEA published its first Safety Standard, Safety Series No. 1, Safe Handling of Radioisotopes. Over the years, some 200 publications were issued in the Safety Series.
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

6. History – Safety Series (1)
1958
1961
1962
All kinds of documents related to safety, no structure
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

7. History – Safety Series (2)
All kinds of documents related to safety: fundamentals (silver),
standards (red), guides (green), reports (brown/purple), practices (blue)
Later on, a kind of hierarchy was introduced and the colour of the cover of the documents was typical for the class:
- fundamentals with a silver coloured cover
- requirements with a red cover
- guides with a green cover
- reports with a brown or purple cover
- practices with a blue colour
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

8. History – Safety Series (3)
Three safety fundamentals merged into SF-1
Safety
= protection of people and the environment against radiation risks, and the safety of facilities and activities that give rise to radiation risks
= safety of nuclear installations + radiation safety + safety of radioactive waste management + safety in the transport of radioactive material
(reflected in the numbering system)
2006
In the beginning of this century, there were three safety fundamentals:
- one for radiological protection
- one for the safety of nuclear installations, and
- one for the safety of radioactive waste management
In 2006, the three safety fundamentals were merged into one single document SF-1.
The numbering system reflects the elements of “safety”:
GS: general safety, applicable to all facilities and activities
NS: nuclear safety, safety of nuclear installations
RS: radiation safety, radiological protection
TS: transport safety
WS: waste safety, safety of radioactive waste management
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

9. Development Outline and work plan
prepared by the Secretariat
Review by the committees and Commission
on Safety Standards
Drafting or revising
of safety standard
by the Secretariat and consultants
Review
by the safety
standards
committee(s)
Member
States
Endorsement
by Commission on Safety Standards
The Commission on Safety Standards (CSS) is a standing body of senior governmental officials (mandate of four years)
The safety standards committees are standing bodies of senior experts (mandate of three years):
NUSSC is the leading committee for the development of standards dealing with safety of nuclear installations
RASSC is the leading committee for standards dealing with radiation safety
TRANSSC for the standards dealing with safety of transport of radioactive material
and WASSC for standards dealing with safety of radioactive waste management
Following endorsement of the final draft, the safety guides are published by the Director General and the safety requirements are submitted to the Board of Governors for approval.
Establishment by the IAEA’s
Director General or BoG
Publication
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

10. Development step-by-step
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

11. Safety reports, TECDOCs …
Hierarchy
Principles for protecting people and environment
Requirements to be applied to meet the principles (shall)
Safety Fundamentals
Safety Requirements
Recommended ways of meeting the requirements (should)
Safety Guides
Safety reports, TECDOCs …
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

12. The new structure of Safety Standards
Under development
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

13. Safety fundamentals
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

14. Fundamental safety objective:
Fundamental Safety Principles (1)
Fundamental safety objective:
To protect people and the environment from harmful effects of radiation
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

15. Fundamental Safety Principles (2)
Principle 1: Responsibility for safety The prime responsibility for safety must rest with the person or organization responsible for facilities and activities that give rise to radiation risks.
Principle 2: Role of government
An effective legal and governmental frame-work for safety, including an independent regulatory body, must be established and sustained.
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

16. Fundamental Safety Principles (3)
Principle 3: Leadership and management for safety Effective leadership and management for safety must be established and sustained in organizations concerned with, and facilities and activities that give rise to, radiation risks.
Principle 4: Justification of facilities and activities
Facilities and activities that give rise to radiation risks must yield an overall benefit.
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

17. Fundamental Safety Principles (4)
Principle 5: Optimization of protection Protection must be optimized to provide the highest level of safety that can reasonably be achieved
Principle 6: Limitation of risks to individuals
Measures for controlling radiation risks must ensure that no individual bears an unacceptable risk of harm
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

18. Fundamental Safety Principles (5)
Principle 7: Protection of present and future generations People and the environment, present and future, must be protected against radiation risks
Principle 8: Prevention of accidents
All practical efforts must be made to prevent and mitigate nuclear or radiation accidents
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

19. Fundamental Safety Principles (6)
Principle 9: Emergency preparedness and response Arrangements must be made for emergency preparedness and response for nuclear or radiation incidents
Principle 10: Protective actions to reduce existing or unregulated radiation risks
Protective actions to reduce existing or unregulated radiation risks must be justified and optimized
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)

20. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
This activity is conducted by the IAEA, with funding by the European Union. The views expressed in this presentation do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission
Photo: V. Friedrich
USNRC IRRS Training - IAEA Safety Standards (I)