1. URINARY SYSTEM

3. KIDNEY STRUCTURE CAPSULE – CORTEX – MEDULLA The cortex is characterized by renal corpuscles and their tubules The medullary ray is an aggregation of straight tubules and straight collecting tubules The medulla is characterized by straight tubules, collecting ducts and a special capillary network The renal columns represent cortical tissue contained within the medulla

5. NEPHRON THE NEPHRON IS THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE KIDNEY CORTICAL - JUXTAMEDULLARY - INTERMEDIATE RENAL CORPUSCLE: GLOMERULUS ↑ ↓ afferent arterioleefferent arteriole ↑ Renal or Bowman’s capsule: -Podocytes -The glomerular basement membrane

10. TUBULAR PART OF NEPHRON Proximal convoluted tubule Proximal straight tubule acids, sugars, water, electrolyte, polypeptides Thin segment – loop of Henle reabsorption Distal straight tubule Na+, bicarbonate ion Distal convoluted tubule reabsorption Collecting tubules concentration of the urine Collecting ducts

15. JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS INCLUDES: -Macula densa -Juxtaglomerular cells -Extraglomerular mesangial cells The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates blood pressure

17. BLOOD SUPPLY RENAL ARTERY→ INTERLOBAR BRANCHES → ARCUATE ARTERY (in between medulla and cortex)→ INTERLOBULAR ARTERIES → AFFERENT ARTERIOLES→ GLOMERULUS (rete mirabile, primary capillary network)→ EFFERENT ARTERIOLES→ PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES (secondary capillary network )

19. EXCRETORY PASSAGES Minor calyx (1) MUCOSA Major calyx -Transitional epithelium Renal pelvis -Lamina propria mucosae -Lamina muscularis mucosae Ureter(2) MUSCULARIS Urinary (3) ADVENTITIA / SEROSA bladder Urethra