1. Communicating for Results Seventh Edition
Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D.

2. 5 Opening Quotation

3. Nonverbal Defined
“…all intentional and unintentional messages that are not written, spoken, or sounded.”
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4. Culture & Nonverbal Behavior
Three levels of culture . . .
Technical Level – rules openly known & stated
Formal Level – rules known; reasons not known
Informal Level – neither rules nor reasons known; behaviors unconsciously learned
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5. Nonverbal Communication
Types include . . .
Facial expressions & eye contact
Body movements & gestures
Clothing & personal appearance
Distance & personal space
Physical environment
Time

6. Eye Contact Shows interest and attentiveness
In American culture . . .
Shows interest and attentiveness
Signals wish to participate
Controls flow of communication
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7. Movements & Gestures Emblems Illustrators Regulators Adaptors
Types include . . .
Emblems
Illustrators
Regulators
Adaptors
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8. Clothing & Appearance
Appropriate business & professional clothing . . .
Determines status, credibility, persuasiveness & hiring decisions
Affects public perception of organizations
Is problematic—i.e., Casual Confusion Syndrome
Enhanced by professional demeanor
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9. Distance & Personal Space
Hall’s distance categories . . .
Intimate Distance inches
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10. Distance & Personal Space
Hall’s distance categories . . .
Intimate Distance inches
Personal Distance - 18 inches - 3 feet
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11. Distance & Personal Space
Hall’s distance categories . . .
Intimate Distance inches
Personal Distance - 18 inches - 3 feet
Social Distance feet
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12. Distance & Personal Space
Hall’s distance categories . . .
Intimate Distance inches
Personal Distance - 18 inches - 3 feet
Social Distance feet
Public Distance - 12 feet or more
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13. Physical Environment Ugly versus attractive rooms Color & lighting
Includes . . .
Ugly versus attractive rooms
Color & lighting
Room Size
Odor
Noise level
Ergonomics
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14. Time Business regulated on informal level of culture
Consequences of lateness depends on status
Time spent with person has informal significance
Perceptions of time depend on cultural background
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15. Nonverbal Status Symbols
Include . . .
Clothing (i.e., tie & jacket)
Office size, location & interior arrangement
Powerful nonverbal behaviors
Time
Gestures
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16. Nonverbal Signs of Power
Expansive, confident movements
Tall, upright standing posture
Relaxed, affable, familiar behavior
Ability to turn one’s back
Relaxed seated position; body leaning slightly

17. Nonverbal Signs of Weakness
Small, controlled movements
Any form of bowing or bowed posture
Playing with an object or nervous shaking
Tenseness, vigilance
Hesitantly standing or sitting forward

18. Nonverbal Messages
And international business transactions . . .
People in other countries have different nonverbal symbols and meanings
Organizations fail to prepare employees adequately for cross-cultural contacts
Culture shock

19. Immediacy Behaviors
“Promoting a feeling of closeness” by . . .
Verbal behaviors – humor, personal examples, using “we” & “our”
Vocal behaviors – good volume, pitch, & vocal expressiveness
Visual behaviors – eye contact, smiles, relaxed posture, moving around

20. Improving Nonverbal Skills
Develop awareness of nonverbal differences
Do not judge others according to own nonverbal meanings
Do not assign nonverbal meanings out of context
Observe your nonverbal behavior on videotape or ask others for feedback

21. Nonverbal Symbols Across Cultures . . .
Awareness Check
Nonverbal Symbols Across Cultures . . .
. . . Check answers at back of book

22. Nonverbal Symbols Across Cultures . . .
Awareness Check
Nonverbal Symbols Across Cultures . . .
. . . Check answers at back of book

23. Nonverbal Communication and Special Needs in Organizations
CNN Today: Human Communication, Vol. IV

24. The End