1. PRESCHOOLERS’ DEVELOPING MORPHOSYNTACTIC SKILLS

2. Remember that:** McLaughlin ch. 8 is not on the exam—the exam is based entirely on these lecture notes The exception is Table 8-2 on p. 310—please memorize this—it’s always on the PRAXIS! And you need it for the “real world” too

3. Turnbull & Justice, 2012:

4. However: (Turnbull & Justice, 2012):

5. I. MASTERING GRAMMATICAL MORPHEMES** Around 18 mos. of age, when children start putting two words together, we see grammatical morphemes emerge Brown’s Morphemes p. 310—on test— especially order of development Examples: 1. -ing 2. In 3. On 4. Regular plural -s

6. To assess children’s morphosyntactic skills:** We calculate MLU, or mean length of utterance Instead of counting words, we count actual morphemes Remember, we have free and bound morphemes

7. Words vs. morphemes** We wanted to eat cookies. 5 words 7 morphemes The PRAXIS always asks you to count the # of morphemes in an utterance

8. How many morphemes?** The three boys wanted five candies. We played all day with my friend’s toys. He’s going to cook eggs and bacon.

9. Count the morphemes in Mark McKibbin’s utterances:** (2.5 yrs old) “I need to get my shoes and socks on because the stones will hurt my feet.” (3 yrs old) “I will give my old pillow to the poor children so they can sleep better.” (3 yrs. old) “Madame Blueberry was sad because they didn’t have happy hearts at the Stuffmart.”

10. II. DEVELOPING SYNTACTIC ELEMENTS A. Basic Sentence Constituents 1

11. 2. Clause

12. 3. Sentence

13. 4. Noun phrase** Sentence role filled by people and objects The boy is blowing out his candles.

14. 5. Verb phrase** Actions or relationships that are central to the sentence The girl lifts the beach ball.

15. **The little red henwas eating corn. NPVP The studentsare taking notes. –NPVP The leaveswere falling down. NPVP The babywas laughing at the dog. NPVP

16. B. Noun Phrase Elements 1. Determiners

17. 2. Pronouns — 3. Noun suffixes

19. The derivational noun suffix - er

20. C. Verb Phrase Elements

21. Copula verbs–

22. More examples of copula verbs:** He is a boy scout. They were in their car. I am happy.

23. State verbs Process verbs

24. By 5 years of age…** Children have mastered most verb forms

25. Youtube examples… 5 year old Gus— typically developing 8 year old with mixed expressive language disorder

26. III. BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE (review) A. Types of Sentences 1. Interrogative asks a question Yes-no ?s(earliest to develop— around 18 mos.) wh-?s tag ?s (speaker wants confirmation) 2. Declarative makes a statement

27. 3. Passive

28. 4. Negative

29. B. Complex and Compound Sentences** Independent or main clause— can stand alone Dependent or subordinate clause—cannot stand alone

30. 1. Complex sentence: Has indep. clause and dependent clause** We will go to the party if it is not raining. (main/indep. clause) (subordinate/dep. clause) I talked to the boywho has red hair. (main/indep. clause) (subordinate/dep. clause)

31. 2. **Compound sentence: 2 independent clauses are linked together by a conjunction We ate cookies andthey were good. –(main/indep. clause)(main/indep. clause) –John liked herbut she didn’t like him. –(main/indep. clause)(main/indep. clause)

32. Coordinating conjunctions:

33. Examples of sentences using coordinating conjunctions in compound sentences:** I wanted to get an A on the test, so I studied hard. We could eat popcorn or we could have Doritos. She wanted to go shopping, but she didn’t have any money.

34. ** Rescorla, 2008 ASHA Leader article (Sept. 23) “Late Talkers Show Language Weakness into Adolescence”

35. 20+ years ago…** She got 2 groups of children: 1. 39 typically-developing (TD) children 2. 40 late talkers All were 24-31 months of age All were from middle-upper income families

37. Follow-ups showed that:

38. Thus…

39. How can we help parents be motivated to seek early intervention for their LTs?