1. Plant Diversity and Life Cycles
The picture shows a blooming corpse lily. They typically bloom once every three years, and the bloom only lasts for about 1 week. They are one of the largest flowers in the world, and smell like rotting flesh (hence the name). The small attracts flies and beetles (carrion insects), who will act as pollinators.

2. 1)Multicellular 2)Eukaryotic 3)Cell Walls 4)Autotrophic
Plant Kingdom Characteristics
1)Multicellular
2)Eukaryotic
3)Cell Walls
4)Autotrophic
Make sure to review what each of the above terms mean
Eukaryotic – cells have a nucleus
autotrophic – make own food (photosynthesis)

3. Plants evolved from plant-like protists (green algae)
Ask students to name 3 factors that land plants had to overcome in order to be able to survive on land

4. Absorb nutrients from surroundings Prevent water loss
Question:
What adaptations were needed for plants to live on land?
Absorb nutrients from surroundings
Prevent water loss
Dispersal (of offspring) on land

5. Charyophyte (Green Algae)
Homology to modern plants:
Chlorophyll B & Beta Carotenes
Chloroplasts have grana
Biochemical – Cell Wall Similarities
Mitotic Processes
Sperm Structure
DNA

6. Cuticle

7. All plants undergo a life cycle that takes them through both haploid and diploid generations.
The multicellular diploid plant structure is called the sporophyte, which produces spores through meiotic (asexual) division.
The multicellular haploid plant structure is called the gametophyte, which is formed from the spore and give rise to the haploid gametes.
The fluctuation between these diploid and haploid stages that occurs in plants is called the alternation of generations.

8. Plant Life Cycle:
Alternation of Generations

9. Vascular Tissue
Vascular tissue is composed of xylem and phloem, which function in the transport of water and dissolved substances.
Xylem - Conduct water and dissolved minerals
• Support
Phloem - Conduct food and other organic substances

11. Nonvascular Plants Vascular Plants Vascular Versus Nonvascular Plants
No transport system
Grow close to the ground
Can go dormant during drought
Transport system
Can grow tall
Cannot survive without water
Need light
photosynthesize

12. STOMATA
Take a deep breath in and then let it out.
Breathing to you is a very natural function that you usually do without even thinking about it.
When you breathe, you are taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
Plants 'breathe' too, but they do it through tiny openings in leaves called stomata (singular: stoma).
Stomata open and close to allow the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen.

13. Bryophytes

14. 3 Groups of Bryophytes
Moss
2) Liverworts
3) Hornworts

15. Pteridophytes

16. Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are a phylum of plants.
They are the vascular plants (those having xylem and phloem tissues) that reproduce by releasing spores rather than seeds, and they include the highly diverse true ferns and other graceful, primarily forest-dwelling plants.
There are about eleven thousand different species of pteridophytes, making them the most diverse land plants after the flowering plants (angiosperms).

17. 3 Groups of Pteridophytes
1) Ferns
2) Horsetails
3) Club moss

18. Gymnosperm

19. Gymnosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants, such as cycads, ginkgo, yews and conifers, in which the ovules or seeds are not enclosed in an ovary.
The word "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek word “gymnospermos”, meaning "naked seeds".
Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scale or leaf-like appendages of cones, or at the end of short stalks.

20. 4 Groups of Gymnosperm
1) Ginkgo
2) Gnetophytes
3) Cycads
4) Conifers

21. Angiosperm

22. Angiosperm
Angiosperm, any member of the more than 300,000 species of flowering plants (division Anthophyta), the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae.
Angiosperms represent approximately 80 percent of all the known green plants now living.
The angiosperms are vascular seed plants in which the ovule (egg) is fertilized and develops into a seed in an enclosed hollow ovary.
The ovary itself is usually enclosed in a flower, that part of the angiospermous plant that contains the male or female reproductive organs or both.

23. 2 Categories of Angiosperm
1) Monocot
2) Dicot

24. A comparison of monocots and dicots

25. The embryo of a monocot
Has a single cotyledon (one embryonic seed leaf )
Figure 38.8c
(c) Maize, a monocot. Like all monocots, maize has only one
cotyledon. Maize and other grasses have a large cotyledon called a
scutellum. The rudimentary shoot is sheathed in a structure called
the coleoptile, and the coleorhiza covers the young root.
Scutellum
(cotyledon)
Coleoptile
Coleorhiza
Pericarp fused
with seed coat
Endosperm
Epicotyl
Hypocotyl
Radicle

26. The embryo of a dicot Has two cotyledon (two embryonic seed leaves )
Figure 38.8a
(a) Common garden bean, a eudicot with thick cotyledons. The
fleshy cotyledons store food absorbed from the endosperm before
the seed germinates.
Seed coat
Radicle
Epicotyl
Hypocotyl
Cotyledons

28. The flower is the defining reproductive adaptation of angiosperms
                       
Flowers are made up of four types of modified leaves à sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
                                   
a.  Stamens are the male reproductive organs
b.  Carpels are female reproductive organs  

29. The structure of a flower.

31. A fruit is a mature ovary
                                   
Protect dormant seeds.
Fruit aids in seed dispersal.
                     - Wind dispersal
                     - Attachment and transportation
                     - Consumption – berries contain seeds to be passed in feces

32. Fruit adaptations that enhance seed dispersal

34. Pineapple inflorescence
Fruits are classified into several types
Depending on their developmental origin
Carpels
Flower
Ovary
Stamen
Stigma
Stamen
Ovule
Pea flower
Raspberry flower
Pineapple inflorescence
Carpel
(fruitlet)
Each
segment
develops
from the
carpel of
one flower
Stigma
Seed
Ovary
Stamen
Pea fruit
Raspberry fruit
Pineapple fruit
Simple fruit. A simple fruit
develops from a single carpel (or
several fused carpels) of one flower
(examples: pea, lemon, peanut).
(a)
Aggregate fruit. An aggregate fruit
develops from many separate
carpels of one flower (examples:
raspberry, blackberry, strawberry).
(b)
Multiple fruit. A multiple fruit
develops from many carpels
of many flowers (examples:
pineapple, fig).
(c)
Figure 38.9a–c

37. Angiosperms dominated the earth at the end of the Mesozoic era
                       
The spread of angiosperms represents the transition from Mesozoic to Cenozoic
Angiosperms and animals have affected one another’s evolution
Coevolution is the mutual influence on the evolution of two different species interacting with each other and reciprocally influencing each other’s adaptations.
                                   
e.g., Pollinator-plant relationships

39. Plants and Human Welfare
Agriculture is almost totally dependent on angiosperms.
Plant diversity is a non-renewable resource.
                       
Many medicines are obtained from plant materials.

42. Deforestation is an international practice

45. Deforestation in the United States

46. Fragmentation of a forest ecosystem

47. A sampling of medicines derived from plants