1. Introduction of Skin and fascia
Dr. Navneet Kumar
Professor (Anatomy)

2. Introduction of structures met in dissection
Skin
Superficial fascia
Artery, Vein ,Nerve
Deep fascia
Muscles
Bones
joints
Dr. Navneet Kumar
Professor (Anatomy

3. Dr. Navneet Kumar
Professor (Anatomy

4. Objectives Introduction to Skin. Fascia. - Superficial Fascia
- Deep Fascia.
Dr. Navneet Kumar
Professor (Anatomy

5. Dr. Navneet Kumar
Professor (Anatomy

6. Skin Structure of skin. Functions of skin. Appendages of skin.
Dr. Navneet Kumar
Professor (Anatomy

8. Structure of the skin Dermis Epidermis
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium devoid of blood vessels
Dermis
Connective tissue containing (bl. v. lymph v., sensory nerve endings, smooth m, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands)
In its deep part the collagen bundles are arranged in parallel rows
Dr. Navneet Kumar
Professor (Anatomy

9. Skin Layers of skin Epidermis Dermis Five type of layers
Two type of layers
Junction
Dermal papilla
Epidermal peg (rete pegs)
Dr. Navneet Kumar
Professor (Anatomy

10. 5.Stratum corneum-non nucleated keratinized dead cells
Skin….
Epidermis -
1. Stratum basale
Single layer of columnar cells
2. Stratum spinosum
Several layers of polyhedral cells, spine like process,
tonofilament
3.Stratum granulosum
Keratohyline granules
4. Stratum lucidum
Homogeneous keratin, fusiform cells
5.Stratum corneum-non nucleated keratinized dead cells
Dr. Navneet Kumar
Professor (Anatomy)

11. Reticular layer Collagen fibre
Skin…..
Dermis
Papillary layer
Tactile papilla
Vascular papilla
Collagen fibre
Reticular layer Collagen fibre
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Hairs
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)

12. Thick skin Thin skin -No hairs Devoid of Stratum lucidum Skin……
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)

13. epidermis
dermis

14. Functions of the Skin 1-Protection
 abrasion, invasion, water loss, UV protection
2-Vitamin D synthesis
 epidermal keratinocytes when exposed to UV light
 helps maintain health of skeleton by increasing absorption of Ca2+
3-Sensation
 receptors for heat, cold, touch, pressure, vibration and pain
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy

15.  thermo receptors and sweat glands
4- Thermoregulation
 thermo receptors and sweat glands
 hypothalamus controls cutaneous arteries and sweat glands to retain or dissipate heat
5- Psychological and social functions
 appearance and social acceptance
 facial expression and nonverbal communication
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy

16. The appendages of the skin
Nails
Hairs
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)

17. Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy

19. Collection of connective tissue
Fascia
Collection of connective tissue
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy

20. Superficial fascia Superficial fascia: Functions:
Loose, mixture of adipose and loose areolar tissues.
It unites the skin to the underlying structures.
It is dense in some places as scalp, palm of hand and sole of foot and contains collagen bundles
It is thin in the eyelids, auricle, scrotum, penis and clitoris (devoid of adipose tissue).
Functions:
Facilitates movement of skin over underlying structures.
Passage for cutaneous vessels, nerves…
Protects the body against heat loss Dr. Navneet Kumar
Professor (Anatomy)

21. Superficial fascia

22. Superficial Fascia -Eyelids -Pinna -Penis Site with more fat - Breast
Site with Very less fat
-Eyelids
-Pinna
-Penis
Site with more fat
- Breast
- Abdomen
-Gluteal region
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)

23. Deep fascia It is more dense than superficial fascia
Collagenous bundles are more compact and more regularly arranged
It is usually present in the form of membranes
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)

24. Examples of deep fascia
A. Investing fascia
Covers the surfaces of muscles
In the neck: it forms well-defined layers, bounds fascial spaces so limits spread of infection or determine the path of infection
In the abdomen: it is thin
In the limbs: forms a definite sheath around the muscles
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)

25. B. Inter muscular septa Examples of deep fascia………..
lie between muscles dividing the limb into compartments
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy

26. C. Retinacula Examples of deep fascia………..
Localized thickening of deep fascia around joints, hold the tendons in place, prevent bowstringing of tendon Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)

27. Examples of deep fascia………..
Fibrous sheath
- eg. Carotid sheath Axillary sheath
Fibrous capsule
-eg Parotid capsule
Ligaments
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)

28. Absence of deep fascia Face Breast Penis Anterior abdominal wall
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)