1. Unit 5 Topic: The Cold War (1945-1991) The United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) emerged as the two strongest powers in international affairs. Ideologically opposed, they challenged one another in a series of confrontations known as the Cold War. The costs of this prolonged contest weakened the USSR so that it collapsed due to internal upheavals as well as American pressure. The Cold War had social and political implications in the United States. Topic: The Cold War (1945-1991) The United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) emerged as the two strongest powers in international affairs. Ideologically opposed, they challenged one another in a series of confrontations known as the Cold War. The costs of this prolonged contest weakened the USSR so that it collapsed due to internal upheavals as well as American pressure. The Cold War had social and political implications in the United States.

2. Chapter 1: Atomic Bombs Content Statement: The use of atomic weapons changed the nature of war, altered the balance of power and began the nuclear age. Expectations for Learning: Summarize how atomic weapons have changed the nature of war, altered the balance of power and started the nuclear age. Content Statement: The use of atomic weapons changed the nature of war, altered the balance of power and began the nuclear age. Expectations for Learning: Summarize how atomic weapons have changed the nature of war, altered the balance of power and started the nuclear age.

3. Section 1: Dropping of Atomic Bombs Begins Nuclear Age Content Elaboration: The dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan hastened the end of World War II and is considered the beginning of the nuclear age. The use of these bombs introduced a new type of weapon capable of mass destruction.

4. Cold War Defined intense economic, political, military, and ideological rivalry between nations, short of military conflict; sustained hostile political policies and an atmosphere of strain between opposed countries OR, a war with no fighting! US/SU Cold War 1945-1991 intense economic, political, military, and ideological rivalry between nations, short of military conflict; sustained hostile political policies and an atmosphere of strain between opposed countries OR, a war with no fighting! US/SU Cold War 1945-1991

5. Splitting the Atom A. The best from around the world came to the US 1. Albert Einstein--Jew from Germany 2. Enrico Fermi--Italy 3. Others from Austria, Czech, and Denmark B. Atomic bomb 1. split atoms 2. catastrophic weapon C. December 2. 1942 at 3:45pm 1. successful in splitting uranium atoms 2. university of Chicago A. The best from around the world came to the US 1. Albert Einstein--Jew from Germany 2. Enrico Fermi--Italy 3. Others from Austria, Czech, and Denmark B. Atomic bomb 1. split atoms 2. catastrophic weapon C. December 2. 1942 at 3:45pm 1. successful in splitting uranium atoms 2. university of Chicago

7. The Atomic Bomb A. Manhattan Project: this is what the U.S. called the secret plan to build the atomic bomb 1. FDR set it up to prepare to build the bomb 2. took 3 more years to develop the bomb 3. cost $2 billion B. July 16, 1945 at 5:30am 1. test 2. Alamogordo, New Mexico 3. first “mushroom” cloud C. Germany and Italy already surrendered A. Manhattan Project: this is what the U.S. called the secret plan to build the atomic bomb 1. FDR set it up to prepare to build the bomb 2. took 3 more years to develop the bomb 3. cost $2 billion B. July 16, 1945 at 5:30am 1. test 2. Alamogordo, New Mexico 3. first “mushroom” cloud C. Germany and Italy already surrendered

8. The Atomic Bomb, continued D. Warned Japan 1. they still didn’t give up E. Should we drop bomb 1. If yes--thousands of innocent people killed 2. If no--thousands of Americans killed F. U.S. dropped 1 st bomb on August 6, 1945 1. Hiroshima 2. 75,000 killed immediately 3. Thousands more died of radiation G. U.S. dropped 2 nd bomb on August 14, 1945 1. Nagasaki D. Warned Japan 1. they still didn’t give up E. Should we drop bomb 1. If yes--thousands of innocent people killed 2. If no--thousands of Americans killed F. U.S. dropped 1 st bomb on August 6, 1945 1. Hiroshima 2. 75,000 killed immediately 3. Thousands more died of radiation G. U.S. dropped 2 nd bomb on August 14, 1945 1. Nagasaki

15. The Cost of World War II A. U.S.--lost 292,000. (four times more than WWI) B. Russia--27 million C. Germans--4 million D. Japanese--2 million E. Chinese--22 million F. Jews--6 million killed in concentration camps A. U.S.--lost 292,000. (four times more than WWI) B. Russia--27 million C. Germans--4 million D. Japanese--2 million E. Chinese--22 million F. Jews--6 million killed in concentration camps

16. ***WAR IS OVER. NOW, A WHOLE NEW SET OF PROBLEMS! THE UNITED STATES AND THE SOVIET UNION BECOME THE 2 SUPERPOWERS ON THE PLANET. THESE 2 COUNTRIES WILL BE INVOLVED IN A “COLD WAR” FOR THE NEXT 50 YEARS.

17. OGT Multiple Choice Which is FALSE about the Manhattan project? A. FDR set it up to prepare to build the atomic bomb. B. This project took 3 years to develop the atomic bomb. C. This project cost $2 billion. D. The project was not kept secret, and the American public knew about it. Which is FALSE about the Manhattan project? A. FDR set it up to prepare to build the atomic bomb. B. This project took 3 years to develop the atomic bomb. C. This project cost $2 billion. D. The project was not kept secret, and the American public knew about it.

18. OGT Multiple Choice The United States lost how many people in World War II? A. About 300,000 B. About 1,000,000 C. About 4,000,000 D. About 10,000,000 The United States lost how many people in World War II? A. About 300,000 B. About 1,000,000 C. About 4,000,000 D. About 10,000,000

19. OGT Multiple Choice On August 14, 1945 the U.S. dropped the second atomic bomb on which city? A. Tokyo B. Hiroshima C. Nagasaki D. Kyoto On August 14, 1945 the U.S. dropped the second atomic bomb on which city? A. Tokyo B. Hiroshima C. Nagasaki D. Kyoto

20. OGT Multiple Choice Where was the first test of an atomic bomb? A. Denver, Colorado B. Alamogordo, New Mexico C. Truth or Consequences, New Mexico D. Phoenix, Arizona Where was the first test of an atomic bomb? A. Denver, Colorado B. Alamogordo, New Mexico C. Truth or Consequences, New Mexico D. Phoenix, Arizona

21. OGT Multiple Choice On August 6, 1945 the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb on which city? A. Tokyo B. Hiroshima C. Nagasaki D. Kyoto On August 6, 1945 the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb on which city? A. Tokyo B. Hiroshima C. Nagasaki D. Kyoto

22. OGT Multiple Choice At which university were uranium atoms first split? A. University of Chicago B. University of Ohio State C. University of Michigan D. University of Indiana At which university were uranium atoms first split? A. University of Chicago B. University of Ohio State C. University of Michigan D. University of Indiana

23. OGT Short Answer When World War II ended, this began a new world order. There were now two superpowers in the world. (2 points) Who were the two superpowers? (1 point) What is the name given to the relationship between these two countries over the next 50 years? (1 point) When World War II ended, this began a new world order. There were now two superpowers in the world. (2 points) Who were the two superpowers? (1 point) What is the name given to the relationship between these two countries over the next 50 years? (1 point)

24. OGT Extended Response (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The United States dropping the two atom bombs on Japan remains a controversial issue. If you were an advisor to President Truman, what advice would you give? Explain why you would give him this advice. (4 points)

25. Section 2: United States is the Sole Superpower Content Elaboration: In the four-year period following World War II, the United Stgates was the only country in possession of atomic bombs and this contributed to its status as a superpower. The threat of using this weapon was seen as a deterrent to the ambitions of the Soviet Union.

26. Postwar A.United States: 1.Lost thousands during the war 2.stronger than ever after the war 3.Capitalism: economic system based on a free market, open competition, profit motive and private ownership of the means of production 4.believed the rest of the world should model us 5.want free elections, free trade, and business expansion all around the world A.United States: 1.Lost thousands during the war 2.stronger than ever after the war 3.Capitalism: economic system based on a free market, open competition, profit motive and private ownership of the means of production 4.believed the rest of the world should model us 5.want free elections, free trade, and business expansion all around the world Old world order gone. U.S. could no longer be isolated. U.S. now relied on world trade to prosper!

27. Postwar Old world order gone. U.S. could no longer be isolated. U.S. now relied on world trade to prosper! B. Soviet Union 1. Lost over 7 million during the war 2. torn apart after the war. Wanted to build a strong country 3. communism: a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state 4. believed the rest of the world should be communist B. Soviet Union 1. Lost over 7 million during the war 2. torn apart after the war. Wanted to build a strong country 3. communism: a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state 4. believed the rest of the world should be communist

28. 1 Superpower For 4 years after end of WWII U.S. is only superpower Why? We have atomic bomb! This deterred the S.U. from expanding their influence over other countries For 4 years after end of WWII U.S. is only superpower Why? We have atomic bomb! This deterred the S.U. from expanding their influence over other countries

29. President Harry S Truman A. Took over after FDR died B. Important decisions 1. Drop atomic bombs 2. United Nations A. Took over after FDR died B. Important decisions 1. Drop atomic bombs 2. United Nations

30. Harry S Truman

31. The United Nations 1 st met April 12, 1944 (50 nations) in San Francisco, California Similar to League of Nations after WWI US joins the UN Goal: Prevent another World War! Collective security: an attack on one is an attack on all 1 st met April 12, 1944 (50 nations) in San Francisco, California Similar to League of Nations after WWI US joins the UN Goal: Prevent another World War! Collective security: an attack on one is an attack on all

32. Click on the link below to get a great detailed chart of the United Nations. http://www.un.org/ - http://www.un.org/ http://www.un.org/ - http://www.un.org/

33. UN Headquarters in New York

34. OGT Multiple Choice (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The international organization created to preserve the peace after World War II was the A. United Nations B. League of Nations C. Organization of American States D. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The international organization created to preserve the peace after World War II was the A. United Nations B. League of Nations C. Organization of American States D. North Atlantic Treaty Organization

35. OGT Multiple Choice Which is true about the involvement of the United States in the League of Nations (after World War I) and the United Nations (after World War II)? A. The United States joined the United Nations, but not the League of Nations B. The United States joined the League of Nations, but not the United Nations C. The United States joined both organizations D. The United States did NOT join either organization Which is true about the involvement of the United States in the League of Nations (after World War I) and the United Nations (after World War II)? A. The United States joined the United Nations, but not the League of Nations B. The United States joined the League of Nations, but not the United Nations C. The United States joined both organizations D. The United States did NOT join either organization

36. Section 3: Soviet Union Becomes a Superpower Content Elaboration: The testing of the atomic bomb by the Soviets in 1949 established the Soviet Union as a second superpower. It also began a nuclear arms race that continued for decades and threatened world peace.

37. Beginning of the Cold War 1. Cold War = War with no fighting. Instead, used military threats, espionage, propaganda, and politics. 2. NUCLEAR WEAPONS DEVELOPED!!! 3. The period right after World War II will begin 50 years of Cold War between the US/SU. 4. U.S. and G.B. allies with S.U. for one reason--to beat Adolf Hitler 5. We did not trust Stalin. Did not tell him of the atomic bomb 6. Stalin expected entire world to become communist 7. U.S. and S.U. had very different views of the future 1. Cold War = War with no fighting. Instead, used military threats, espionage, propaganda, and politics. 2. NUCLEAR WEAPONS DEVELOPED!!! 3. The period right after World War II will begin 50 years of Cold War between the US/SU. 4. U.S. and G.B. allies with S.U. for one reason--to beat Adolf Hitler 5. We did not trust Stalin. Did not tell him of the atomic bomb 6. Stalin expected entire world to become communist 7. U.S. and S.U. had very different views of the future

38. Soviet Union Tests Atomic Bomb 1949 Soviet Union tests and explodes atomic bomb This makes Soviet Union the 2 nd superpower 1949 Soviet Union tests and explodes atomic bomb This makes Soviet Union the 2 nd superpower

39. Joseph Stalin A Soviet political leader of the twentieth century. He ruled the Soviet Union, often with extreme brutality, from the death of Lenin in the early 1920s until his own death in the early 1950s. His policies of collectivization, which abolished private ownership, were followed by political purges in which thousands of Communist party officials were killed, usually on trumped-up charges of treasonSoviet Union LeninCommunist party A Soviet political leader of the twentieth century. He ruled the Soviet Union, often with extreme brutality, from the death of Lenin in the early 1920s until his own death in the early 1950s. His policies of collectivization, which abolished private ownership, were followed by political purges in which thousands of Communist party officials were killed, usually on trumped-up charges of treasonSoviet Union LeninCommunist party

40. Joseph Stalin

41. Arms Race A. Arms race between US/SU 1. occurred throughout Cold War 2. guarantee security 3. the two sides competed with each other to make the most and best weapons for the next 50 years A. Arms race between US/SU 1. occurred throughout Cold War 2. guarantee security 3. the two sides competed with each other to make the most and best weapons for the next 50 years

42. OGT Multiple Choice (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The period after World War II is referred to as the “ Cold War. ” It is called this because the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union A. had several conflicts that never escalated into a full-scale war B. used nuclear weapons that lowered the temperature as they exploded C. has chilly but friendly relations during the is time period D. fought a war in Siberia to determine control of East Asia (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The period after World War II is referred to as the “ Cold War. ” It is called this because the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union A. had several conflicts that never escalated into a full-scale war B. used nuclear weapons that lowered the temperature as they exploded C. has chilly but friendly relations during the is time period D. fought a war in Siberia to determine control of East Asia

43. OGT Multiple Choice During World War II, the United States was an ally of this country. After World War II, the United States became enemies with this country. A. France B. Great Britain C. Soviet Union D. Spain During World War II, the United States was an ally of this country. After World War II, the United States became enemies with this country. A. France B. Great Britain C. Soviet Union D. Spain

44. OGT Multiple Choice The term ‘ Cold War ’ refers to A. A war with a lot of battles. B. Another name for the Korean War C. A war with no fighting. D. Another name given to World War II. The term ‘ Cold War ’ refers to A. A war with a lot of battles. B. Another name for the Korean War C. A war with no fighting. D. Another name given to World War II.

45. OGT Multiple Choice (Practice Test Booklet 2005) As World War II was nearing an end and it was clear that the Allies would be victorious, relations between the United States and the Soviet Union could be described as A. becoming increasingly suspicious of each other’s motives B. good as both Harry Truman and Joseph Stalin trusted each other C. never better as the two nations agreed on postwar issues D. on the brink of going to war against each other (Practice Test Booklet 2005) As World War II was nearing an end and it was clear that the Allies would be victorious, relations between the United States and the Soviet Union could be described as A. becoming increasingly suspicious of each other’s motives B. good as both Harry Truman and Joseph Stalin trusted each other C. never better as the two nations agreed on postwar issues D. on the brink of going to war against each other

46. OGT Multiple Choice (2005 Practice Test) Which factor helped lead to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union? A. the lack of U.S. aid to the Soviet Union under the Lend-Lease Program during World War II B. differing intentions between the two nations for the political and economic rebuilding of Eastern Europe after World War II C. both nations being members of the United Nations Security Council after World War II D. uneven prosperity between the two nations after the Great Depression (2005 Practice Test) Which factor helped lead to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union? A. the lack of U.S. aid to the Soviet Union under the Lend-Lease Program during World War II B. differing intentions between the two nations for the political and economic rebuilding of Eastern Europe after World War II C. both nations being members of the United Nations Security Council after World War II D. uneven prosperity between the two nations after the Great Depression