1. Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building GPH 111

2. Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building Game plan: Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and Pangea Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and Pangea Major Plate Boundaries Major Plate Boundaries Terrain Accretion and Continental Shields Terrain Accretion and Continental Shields Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains Stress and Strain – Folding and Faulting Stress and Strain – Folding and Faulting Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and Pangea Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and Pangea Major Plate Boundaries Major Plate Boundaries Terrain Accretion and Continental Shields Terrain Accretion and Continental Shields Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains Stress and Strain – Folding and Faulting Stress and Strain – Folding and Faulting

3. Continental Movements: Pangea to Now… Super- Continent Cycles

4. Continental Movements Australia - the fastest moving continent, 6.5 cm / year

5. Convergent Convergent Divergent Divergent Transform Transform Hot Spots – not technically a boundary, but cool and interesting none the less Hot Spots – not technically a boundary, but cool and interesting none the less Major Plate Boundaries…

6. Convergent Plate Boundary Continent – Continent, Continent – Ocean, and Ocean - Ocean Continent – Continent, Continent – Ocean, and Ocean - Ocean

7. Convergent Plate Boundary Continent – Continent, Continent – Ocean, and Ocean - Ocean Continent – Continent, Continent – Ocean, and Ocean - Ocean

8. Mariana Trench - 35,802 feet deep at the deepest, this is where plates dive into the mantle. That is 8 tons per square inch… Convergent Plate Boundary Continent – Continent, Continent – Ocean, and Ocean - Ocean Continent – Continent, Continent – Ocean, and Ocean - Ocean

9. Divergent Plate Boundary Mid-Ocean Ridges Mid-Ocean Ridges

10. Generates new ocean sea floor over time - driven by convective currents. Divergent Plate Boundary Mid-Ocean Ridges Mid-Ocean Ridges

11. Mid-Atlantic Ridge Divergent Plate Boundary

12. Oldest ocean floor ~180 million years Divergent Plate Boundary

13. Transform Boundaries San Andreas Fault

14. Think: Balloon on a string… Hot Spots Hawaii

15. Columbia Plateau and Yellowstone Hot Spots

16. Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building: Terrain Accretion and Continental Shields Terrain Accretion and Continental Shields Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains - Convergent Boundaries - Fault Block Mountains - Isostatic Mountains Terrain Accretion and Continental Shields Terrain Accretion and Continental Shields Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains - Convergent Boundaries - Fault Block Mountains - Isostatic Mountains

17. Continental Shields Older nucleuses that younger crust (objects like Japan) adheres to are called continental shields and the process is called terrain accretion

18. Plate Convergence Mountains

19. Isostatic Mountains - Superstitions Mountains Uplift as they are eroded… Basins depress as they fill… Continents behave like wooden blocks in water…

20. Isostatic Mountains Old volcanic center erupted 18 million years ago, and collapsed on itself, and then rebounded into the current mountain range http://discoverourearth.org/student/isostasy.html Superstition Mountains

21. Fault Block Mountains Nevada, US

22. Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building: Stress and Strain Stress and Strain Faulting Faulting - Normal Fault - Reverse Fault - Strike Slip Fault Stress and Strain Stress and Strain Faulting Faulting - Normal Fault - Reverse Fault - Strike Slip Fault

23. Stress and Strain StressStrain Stress - force on the rock; Strain - the resulting response Tension Compression Shear My Snickers

24. Types of Faults Your Snickers

25. a. b. c. Slide #1

26. a. b. c. Slide #2

27. a. b. c. Slide #3

28. a. b. c. Slide #4

29. Things to Know: Alfred Wegner and his early proposal of Continental Drift, but known today as plate tectonics Alfred Wegner and his early proposal of Continental Drift, but known today as plate tectonics The energy source that drives plate tectonics The energy source that drives plate tectonics The name for the most recent super continent, Pangea The name for the most recent super continent, Pangea The major plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform, and also hot spots The major plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform, and also hot spots Continental shields and terrain accretion Continental shields and terrain accretion Three ways to generate mountains: convergent plate boundaries, Isostatic, and Fault Block Three ways to generate mountains: convergent plate boundaries, Isostatic, and Fault Block The difference between stress and strain The difference between stress and strain Under what circumstances will a rock behave in a ductile or brittle fashion Under what circumstances will a rock behave in a ductile or brittle fashion The major fault types: normal, reverse, and strike slip (be able to diagram them) The major fault types: normal, reverse, and strike slip (be able to diagram them) Help: Chapter TL