1. The Italian Renaissance
In Italy the growth of wealthy trading cities and new ways of thinking helped lead to a rebirth of the arts and learning. This era became known as the Renaissance.

3. Inspiration from the Ancients
Renaissance Ideas
As the economy and society changed, new ideas began to appear. This period of interest and developments in art, literature, science and learning is known as the Renaissance, French for “rebirth.”
Venetian ships carried goods for trade and Greek scholars seeking refuge
Scholars brought ancient works thought to be lost
Inspiration from the Ancients
Italians who could read looked for more information
Read Arabic translations of original texts
Searched libraries, found lost texts
New World of Ideas
As they read, began to think about philosophy, art, science in different ways
Began to believe in human capacity to create, achieve
Different Viewpoints

4. Art showed peoples’ new social & political status
The revival of trade in Europe helped bring an end to the Middle Ages & gave rise to the Renaissance
The rise of cities brought artists together which led to new techniques & styles of art
Art showed peoples’ new social & political status
The rise of cities brought artists together & shared ideas—this led to new techniques & styles
Increased trade gave rise to Italian city-states & a wealthy middle class of bankers & merchants
Wealthy bankers & merchants wanted to show off their new status by commissioning art

5. How did the Crusades contribute to the Renaissance?
Crusades (1095 – 1291) = Religiously sanctioned military campaigns waged by Roman Catholics against Muslims who had occupied the near east since the Rashidun Caliphate (founded after Muhammad’s death in 632, the Rashidun Caliphate was one of the largest empires of the time period)
Increased demand for Middle Eastern products
Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets
Encouraged the use of credit and banking

6. The Renaissance Johannes Gutenberg
In 1455, produced the 1st printed book, a bible
Gutenberg Bible
Used moveable metal type

7. Literature flourished during the Renaissance and spread Renaissance ideas, which can be greatly attributed to Johannes Gutenberg.
In 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book produced by using moveable type, The Bible, and started a printing revolution that would transform Europe.
Literacy rates increased

8. Styles and Techniques
Studied perspective, represented three-dimensional objects
Experimented with using colour to portray shapes, textures
Subject matter changed; artists began to paint, sculpt scenes from Greek, Roman myths
Artists Methods
Religious paintings focused on personality
Humanist interest in classical learning, human nature
Building design reflected humanist reverence for Greek, Roman culture
Classical architecture favoured
Classical Influence

9. The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature.
Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works which glorified city-states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular.

10. Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation
Classical art showed the importance of people and leaders, as well as gods and goddesses
Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation
Renaissance art and literature focused on the importance of people and nature, along with religion

11. Classical Art History Alive! Pg. 316 ‘Discobolus’
Figures were lifelike but often idealized (more perfect than in real life)
Figures were nude or draped in togas (robes)
Bodies looked active, and motion was believable
Faces were calm and without emotion
Scenes showed either heroic figures or real people doing tasks from daily life

12. Medieval Art History Alive! Pg. 317 ‘Narthex Tympanum'
Most art was religious, showing Jesus, saints, people from the Bible, and so on
Important figures in paintings were shown as larger than others around them
Figures looked stiff, with little sense of movement
Figures were fully dressed in stiff-looking clothing
Faces were serious and showed little feeling
Paint colors were bright

13. Renaissance Art History Alive! Pg. 317 ‘The School of Athens’
Artists showed religious and nonreligious scenes
Art reflected a great interest in nature
Figures were lifelike and three-dimensional, reflecting an increasing knowledge of anatomy
Bodies looked active and were shown moving
Figures were either nude or clothed
Scenes showed real people doing everyday tasks
Faces expressed what people were thinking
Paintings were often symmetrical (balanced, with the right and left sides having similar or identical elements)

14. New Techniques also emerged.
Renaissance artists embraced some of the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome in their art.
The purpose of art would no longer be to glorify God, as it had been in Medieval Europe. Artists wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion.
New Techniques also emerged.

15. Art and Patronage
Italians patrons (financial supporters) were willing to spend a lot of money on art
Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values and therefore being able to buy art was used as a form of competition for social and political status.

16. What was different in the Renaissance?
Realism
Perspective
Emphasis on individualism
Geometrical arrangement of figures
Light and shadowing
Softening of edges
Artist able to live from commissions

17. Characteristics of Renaissance Art

18. 1. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427
First nudes since classical times.

19. 2. Perspective First use of linear perspective! Perspective!
The Trinity
Masaccio
1427
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
First use of linear perspective!
What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

20. 4. Emphasis on Individualism
Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino
Piero della Francesca,

21. 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures
Leonardo da Vinci
1469
The figure as architecture!
The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate

22. 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
Sfumato:
gradual blending of one area of color into another without a sharp outline
Chiaroscuro:
use of light
and shade
Ginevra de' Benci, a young Florentine noblewoman who, at the age of sixteen, married Luigi Niccolini in 1474.

23. Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Mathematician, Engineer
Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Mathematician, Engineer

24. Mona Lisa ( )

25. Jesus and his apostles on the night before the crucifixion
The Last Supper ( )
Jesus and his apostles on the night before the crucifixion

26. Notebooks
Leonardo da Vinci dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work

27. Born in 1475 in a small town near Florence, is considered to be one of the most inspired men who ever lived; he was a sculptor, painter, engineer, architect, and poet.

28. Michelangelo created his masterpiece David in 1504.
The Biblical shepherd, David (who killed Goliath) recalls the harmony and grace of ancient Greek tradition

29. What a difference a century makes!

30. Sistine Chapel
About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Depicts the biblical history of the world from the Creation to the Flood

31. Separation of Light and Darkness
Creation of Adam
Creation of Eve
Separation of Light and Darkness
The Last Judgment

32. Pieta 1499 Marble Sculpture
Captures the sorrow of the Virgin Mary as she cradles her dead son, Jesus on her knees

33. Moses

34. The Renaissance in northern Europe (outside Italy)
Northern Renaissance
The Renaissance in northern Europe (outside Italy)
There was increased cultural exchange between European countries
Printed materials helped to spread ideas
Centralization of political power made the northern Renaissance distinct from the Italian Renaissance (e.g., nation-states instead of Italian city-states)

35. • Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas.
• Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity.
• The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas and allowed more people to become educated.

36. Cultural and educational reform
The study of classical culture (ancient Greece and Rome), in contrast with the study of things related to the church and religion
Celebrated the individual
Was supported by wealthy patrons (financial supporters)

37. Virtual Tour of the Sistine Chapel