1. 15.3 Energy Resources Key Concepts What are the major nonrenewable and
renewable sources of
energy?
How can energy
resources be
conserved?
Crude oil is pumped out of the ground and refined

2. Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Nonrenewable energy resources exist in ______________ quantities and, once used, cannot be replaced except over the course of millions of years.
limited
Nonrenewable energy resources include…
____________________
oil
coal
Natural gas
Uranium (nuclear fission)

3. Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Oil, natural gas, and coal are known as ____________ _____________
They were formed underground from the ______________ of once-living organisms.
Fossil fuels account for the great majority of the world’s energy use, but these are ________ distributed evenly throughout the world.
fossil
fuels
remains
not

4. Renewable Energy Resources
Renewable energy resources are resources that _______ be replaced in a relatively ___________ period of time.
can
short
Renewable energy resources include…
_______________________
and possibly in the future…_________________________
hydroelectric
solar
geothermal
wind
biomass
nuclear fusion

5. Renewable Energy Resources
Most renewable energy resources originate either directly or indirectly from the ______
The sun and ____________ are constantly releasing large amounts of energy.
This energy could be used for generating ________________ power, _______________ buildings, or other purposes.
sun
Earth
electric
heating

6. Renewable Energy Resources
Energy obtained from __________ ___________ is known as hydroelectric energy.
As water flows downhill, its _____________ ___________ energy is converted into ________________ energy.
This kinetic energy turns ______________ connected to _____________ generators.
flowing
water
gravitational
potential
kinetic
turbines
electric
Hoover Dam

7. Renewable Energy Resources
Most modern hydroelectric plants rely on _________ built across rivers.
The major advantages of hydroelectric energy include its _______ ___________ to produce and lack of _______________.
Dams, however, cause a variety of _________________ problems.
dams
low
cost
pollution
environmental

8. Renewable Energy Resources
_________________converted into usable energy is called solar energy.
In passive solar designs, sunlight heats a building ______________ using machinery.
In active solar energy systems, sunlight heats flat _______________ ____________ through which water flows.
Sunlight
without
collection
plates

9. Renewable Energy Resources
Sunlight can also be converted directly into _______________ energy by means of solar cells, also known as _______________ cells.
A few large solar electric plants use mirrors that ______________ sunlight to produce electricity.
The benefits of solar energy depend on the _______________.
electrical
photovoltaic
concentrate
climate

10. Renewable Energy Resources
Geothermal energy is thermal energy beneath Earth’s ______________.
In some regions, especially near ___________, geothermal energy is used to generate electricity.
Geothermal energy is nonpolluting but is _____ ________________ available.
surface
volcanoes
not
widely

11. Renewable Energy Resources
A geothermal plant in California uses Earth’s thermal energy to generate electricity.

12. Renewable Energy Resources
The chemical energy stored in ____________ ____________ is called biomass energy.
Biomass can be converted directly into _____________ energy or converted into a high-energy alcohol ________.
living
things
thermal
fuel

13. Renewable Energy Resources
A hydrogen fuel cell generates electricity by reacting ____________ with ______________.
oxygen
hydrogen

14. Renewable Energy Resources
A form of hydrogen is also the most likely raw material for another future source of energy, nuclear __________________.
In nuclear fusion, two hydrogen
nuclei __________ to form a
helium nucleus, releasing large
amounts of energy
The process of fusion will probably produce ___________ pollution or radioactive waste, but sustained fusion has not yet been achieved
fusion
fuse
little

15. World Energy Use
Using Tables What was the world’s largest source of energy in 1991? In 2000? Answer:
Petroleum (for both years)

16. World Energy Use
Analyzing Data In general, how did usage change from 1991 to 2000? Answer:
It increased

17. Graphing What form of renewable energy is shown on the graph? Answer:
World Energy Use
Graphing What form of renewable energy is shown on the graph? Answer:
hydroelectric
Other 1%
Nuclear fission 6%
Hydroelectric power 7%
Petroleum 39%
Petroleum
Coal
Natural gas
Natural gas 23%
Hydroelectric power
Nuclear fission
Other
Coal 24%

18. World Energy Use
4 Predicting How might total world energy use be different in 2020? Explain. Answer:
Perhaps greater use of
renewable resources?
Increase with growing
Population?

19. Conserving Energy Resources
Energy resources can be conserved by reducing ______________ _____________ and by increasing the _____________ of energy use.
Finding ways to use less energy or to use energy more efficiently is known as energy ____________________.
Making appliances, cars, and even light bulbs more
energy efficient is a way of reducing energy use.
Energy-efficient purchases often cost more ___________
but can save money in fuel costs over time.
energy
needs
efficiency
conservation
initially

20. Conserving Energy Resources
Using ________ ___________ can reduce energy use.
Mass transportation systems include buses, trains, and streetcars.
mass
transit

21. Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy resource?
Assessment Questions
Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy resource?
geothermal energy
hydroelectric energy
hydrogen fuel cells
natural gas

22. What is one of the advantages of hydroelectric power?
Assessment Questions
What is one of the advantages of hydroelectric power?
can be used everywhere
does not cause any environmental problems
uses energy produced by Earth
inexpensive compared to other energy sources

23. Which of these actions is not a way to conserve energy resources?
Assessment Questions
Which of these actions is not a way to conserve energy resources?
turn off lights when they are not needed
increase usage of mass transit
reduce the cost of energy production
increase efficiency of appliances