1. Unit Nine: Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads
Vocabulary
Unit Nine:
Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads

2. expansion
the act or process of expanding; the quality or state of being expanded; to extend

4. powerful rifles with telescopes used by hunters to kill buffalo
buffalo guns
powerful rifles with telescopes used by hunters to kill buffalo

5. complete and total destruction
extermination
complete and total destruction

6. identification marks on livestock made by burning with a hot iron
brands
identification marks on livestock made by burning with a hot iron

7. cattle drives
the herding of large groups of cattle from the open range to market for sale

8. rustlers
cattle thieves

9. longhorn
breed of cattle that developed as Spanish breeds mixed with English cattle brought by U.S. settlers

10. disease that plagued cattle, to which longhorns were resistant
Texas fever
disease that plagued cattle, to which longhorns were resistant

11. holding pens for livestock
stockyards
holding pens for livestock

12. open range
unfenced land

13. one who herds or cares for livestock on the range
wrangler
one who herds or cares for livestock on the range

14. devices using wind power to pump water from underground to the surface
windmills
devices using wind power to pump water from underground to the surface

15. fencing designed with sharp points
barbed wire
fencing designed with sharp points

16. occasionally violent disputes caused by the fencing of the open range
range wars
occasionally violent disputes caused by the fencing of the open range

17. transcontinental railroad
railroad that runs across the continent

18. meeting places of two or more lines of railroad
junctions
meeting places of two or more lines of railroad

19. a person who comes to a country to settle
immigrant
a person who comes to a country to settle

20. commercial agriculture
producing crops for sale instead of for use by a family

21. progress
movement toward a goal; advance development or growth; steady improvement, as a society or civilization; proceed

22. reform
to put or change into an improved form or condition; to amend or improve by change or form or removal of faults or abuses; to put an end to by enforcing or introducing a better method or course of action

23. populism
a political belief that works to reduce the influence of big business on government

25. progressivism
a reform movement in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s with a goal of improving society

26. suffrage
voting rights

27. statement of political goals
platform
statement of political goals

28. sole economic control of a field of business
monopoly
sole economic control of a field of business

29. a social reform effort that encouraged people to drink less alcohol
temperance movement
a social reform effort that encouraged people to drink less alcohol