1. SECESSION AND THE CIVIL WAR
America: Past and Present
Chapter 15

2. The Deep South Secedes December 20,1860--South Carolina secedes 1st
February Confederate States of America formed
included South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas
Government headed by moderates
Aim to restore pre-Republican Party Union
Southerners hope to attract Northern states into Confederacy

4. Importance of border states
Ohio River
Washington D.C.

5. Confederate constitution resembles U.S.
Government headed by moderates
Without strong central govt.
Guarantee of slavery in South, protection of slavery in the territories
Restrictions on finance of internal improvements
Prohibition of protective tariffs
Aim to restore pre-Republican Party Union
Southerners hope to attract Northern states into Confederacy

6. The Failure of Compromise
Crittenden Plan: extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific
Lincoln rejects
does not think it will end secession
viewed as repudiation of Republican principles
Buchanan takes no action to stop secession
Some wish to “let the South depart in peace”

7. Advantages SOUTH Better Military Leaders Familiar Terrain Cause
NORTH
Population
Factories
Navy
Railroads
Banks
Food crops
Central government
President Lincoln
As war drags on, northern advantages increase
North gets richer, South poorer
SOUTH
Better Military Leaders
Familiar Terrain
Cause
Defensive War

8. Resources of the Union and the Confederacy, 1861

9. Major Industrial Resources 1860

10. Railroads

11. King Cotton - Cash Crop Economy

12. Prospects, Plans, and Expectations
South adopts defensive strategy--North must fight in unfamiliar, hostile terrain
Lincoln adopts two-front strategy
capture Confederate capital, Richmond, Va.
seize control of the Mississippi River
deploy navy to blockade Southern ports

13. Overview of Civil War Strategy

14. Mobilizing the Home Fronts
1862--North & South begin conscription
Wealth northerners can avoid draft by hiring substitutes
North plagued by violent draft riots (New York City, 1863)
Northern mobilization
finance war through taxes, bonds, paper money
private industry supplies Union armies well
Confederate mobilization
government arsenals supply Confederate armies
efforts to finance lead to runaway inflation
transportation system inadequate
South finds it difficult to convince farmers to shift from cotton to foodstuffs

15. Political Leadership: Northern Success and Southern Failure
Lincoln expands wartime powers
declares martial law
imprisons 10,000 "subversives" without trial
briefly closed down a few newspapers
Jefferson Davis
concerned mainly with military duties
neglects civilian morale, economy
lacks influence with state governments

16. Opposition to Lincoln
Copperheads – peace at any cost
Radical Republicans – will oppose position on war and slavery as too lenient

17. Civil War,

18. Western Theater 1862 No terms except an immediate and unconditional
Forts Henry and Donelson
New Orleans
Shiloh
Memphis
Vicksburg (1863)
No terms except
an immediate and
unconditional
surrender...

19. Western Theater The rebels are out there thicker than fleas on
Forts Henry and Donelson
New Orleans
Shiloh
Memphis
Vicksburg (1863)
The rebels are
out there thicker
than fleas on
a dog's back

20. Western Theater A cat could not have crept out
Forts Henry and Donelson
New Orleans
Shiloh
Memphis
Vicksburg (1863)
A cat could not have crept out
of Vicksburg without being discovered..

21. Eastern Theater Penn. 1st Bull Run Peninsula Camp. 2nd Bull Run
Antietam
Fredericksburg
Bridge at Bull Run
There is Jackson
standing like
a stone wall!!!

22. If you are not using my army, may I borrow it?
Eastern
Theater
1st Bull Run
Peninsula Camp.
2nd Bull Run
Antietam
Fredericksburg
If you are not using my army, may I borrow it?

23. Eastern Theater With these orders, if I cannot whip Bobby Lee!
Penn.
Eastern
Theater
1st Bull Run
Peninsula Camp.
2nd Bull Run
Antietam
Fredericksburg
Emancipation
Proclamation
With these
orders, if I
cannot whip
Bobby Lee!
Burnside's Bridge

24. Eastern Theater Penn. 1st Bull Run Peninsula Camp. 2nd Bull Run
Antietam
Fredericksburg
It can hardly be in human nature
for men to show more valor,
or generals to manifest less judgement.

25. Civil War,

26. Eastern
Theater
Chancellorsville
Gettysburg
I have lost my right arm

27. Fourscore and seven years ago...
Eastern
Theater
Chancellorsville
Gettysburg
All this has been my fault
Fourscore and seven years ago...

28. Total War

29. March to the Sea
I can make Georgia howl!

30. The Diplomatic Struggle
Diplomatic goal of the South forge alliances with Britain and France
Diplomatic goal of the Union to prevent such recognition
England
belligerent rights extended to Confederacy
conditions recognition of independence on proof that South can win independence
France--Confederacy not recognized unless England does so first
"King Cotton" has little influence on foreign policy of other nations

31. Glory - African Americans and the War
200,000 African American Union troops
Many others labor in Northern war effort
Lincoln pushes further for black rights
organizes governments in conquered Southern states that abolish slavery
Maryland, Missouri abolish slavery
January 31, th Amendment passed
Massachusetts
54th

32. Glory
Massachusetts
54th

33. Grant
Sherman
Lincoln assassinated – April 16, 1865

34. over 600,000 killed...

35. Casualties of War