1. WWII Lecture 3 Allies Turn the Tide 1942-1944
10.10

2. You will learn: Total war Rosie the Riveter Dwight D. Eisenhower
Leningrad
Stalingrad
D-Day
Yalta Conference

3. Focus Questions
How did the Allies mobilize all of their resources for the war effort?
How did the Allies push back the Axis on four fronts?
What agreements did the Big Three make at the Conference at Yalta?

4. Government Power Increases
The U. S and G.B. had to direct economic output for the war effort.
to stop producing cars, radios
start making airplanes , tanks.
Gov’ts rationed amounts of food and goods
$$$ was raised through war bonds

5. Even during war, democratic nations limited rights
Press was censored
Propaganda was used to win popular support

6. Women help the war Many women went to work Rosie the Riveter
symbolized women going to work
planes, tanks and ships
nurses
Soviet Lily Litvak shot down 12 Germans before getting killed

8. Japanese set back Battle of Coral Sea- first major Japanese loss
Lasted 5 days in May 1942
First time enemy ships never saw each other
Battle of Midway- June 1942 another U.S. win
Americans destroyed 4 Japanese carriers
After Midway Japan could not launch anymore offensive attacks

9. Big Three By 1942 the “Big Three” Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin
Agreed to finish the war in Europe before ending the war in the Pacific
Allies did not trust each other from the start
FDR and Churchill afraid Stalin wanted to dominate Europe.

10. No one wanted to risk the break in the alliance
Conference in Tehran, Iran 1943
FDR and Churchill agreed to let the borders in the Nazi-Soviet Pact stand after the war
This was against the wishes of Poland

11. Stalin wanted FDR and Churchill to open up the war on the Western front
They said they didn’t have the resources yet
Stalin saw this as them trying to weaken the USSR.
Who trusts whom in this alliance?

12. Victory in Africa
Rommel “Desert Fox” commanded the German troops in Africa
1942 Allies drove his army from Libya to Tunisia
Dwight D. Eisenhower joined Britain and attacked Rommel’s army in Tunisia.
Rommel surrendered in May 1943

14. Italy Allies crossed into Italy
July 1943 British and American forces landed on Sicily and then southern Italy
After 18 months, Allies suffered heavy losses, but weakend the Axis

15. The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] : Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”
Allies plan assault on weakest Axis area - North Africa - Nov May 1943
George S. Patton leads American troops
Germans trapped in Tunisia - surrender over 275,000 troops.

16. The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943 General George S. Patton

17. Allies attack Sicily Hitler send German troops to defend Italy.
With a victory in N. African the Allies invade Italy Operation “Blood and Guts”
Italy loses faith in Mussolini, and replace him, and then negotiated peace sept 9, 1943
Mussolini was lynched by his own people

18. The Allies Liberate Rome: June 5, 1944

20. The Struggle on the Eastern Front
Lightning attack
3 million soldiers
Scorched Earth
Stalin asks the allies for three things
1. Massive aid
2. Recognition of his territorial demands in Eastern Europe
3. Establishment of a second warfront in Western Europe

21. Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941
3,000,000 German soldiers.
3,400 tanks.

22. Eastern Front
Operation Barbarossa: to take over the Soviet Union for it’s Natural Resources
Germans Army sends 3 million soldiers in the Soviet Union using the Blitzkrieg.
The Soviets use Scorched Earth: killing and burning their own land to leave nothing for the Nazi’s
Russian Winter

23. Stalingrad
1942 Hitler launched an attack on the USSR for the oil fields
German forces only got as far as Stalingrad
Hitler wanted Stalin’s namesake city
This was the costliest battle in terms of lives
Jan 1943 Germans, tired ,starved and out of ammunition surrendered.

24. Battle of Stalingrad: Winter of 1942-1943
German Army
Russian Army
1,011,500 men
1,000,500 men
10,290 artillery guns
13,541 artillery guns
675 tanks
894 tanks
1,216 planes
1,115 planes

25. Battle of Stalingrad Germans advance to fast
Coldest winter in 40 years
Germans cannot get supplies – Germans soldiers begin to Starve
The Russians stop the Germans in Stalingrad and begin to push the Nazi’s back

28. D-Day June 6, 1944 D-Day or invasion of France Lead by Eisenhower
They stormed the beach and took it

29. Eisenhower speaks to troops

31. D Day Operation Overlord Three conditions 1. Supplies 2. Secrecy
3. Clear weather
General Eisenhower

33. June 6, 1944
Within 24 hours 120,000, troops landed on the beaches of Normandy
Within three weeks 800,000 troops joined the allies in France
German soldiers retreat – the allied soldiers liberate France in august of 1944

34. Allies Advance 2 years Allies bombed Germany
Crippled Germany’s industries
After freeing France Allies marched toward Germany
Took Belgium in December
Battled of the Bulge lasted more than a month
Many losses
Ultimately Germans lost and could not break through
Their last great battle

35. Battle of the Bulge: In December 1944, Germany launched a counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg. They pushed back the U.S. First Army, forming a bulge in the Allied Line. The resulting clash came to be known as the Battle of the Bulge.
The Battle of the Bulge was the largest battle in Western Europe during World War II and the largest battle ever fought by the United States Army. In the end the casualties were staggering on both sides, and most Nazi leaders realized that the war was lost.

36. In March 1945, American ground forces crossed the Rhine River and moved toward the German capital of Berlin from the west.
Soviet troops continued to fight their way to Berlin from the east. This fighting resulted in the deaths of some 11 million Soviet and 3 million German soldiers—more than two thirds of the soldiers killed in the entire war. The Soviets finally reached Berlin in late April 1945.
Hitler committed suicide in Berlin on April 30, 1945, refusing to flee the city. On May 8, Germany’s remaining troops surrendered. Americans at home celebrated V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day).

37. French Female Collaborators

39. Yalta Conference Feb. 1945 the Big Three meet at Yalta
Again planned a war strategy, but did not trust each other
Stalin wanted control of Eastern Europe
FDR and Churchill wanted self determination for Eastern (right to choose their own government)

40. The terms:
Soviets would enter the war with Japan three months after German surrender
Divide Germany in Four Zones temporarily
Governed by French, British, American and Soviet forces
Soviets get occupation zone in Korea
Free elections in Eastern Europe

42. Now answer the focus questions