1. The First Civilizations
CHAPTER 2
4/17/2017
CHAPTER 2
The First Civilizations
Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture
Section 3: Sumerian Civilization
Section 4: Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 5: The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Section 6: The Origins of Judaism

2. Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Section 1:
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Objectives:
Explore how geography affected the development of ancient Egypt.
Identify the events and discoveries that marked the development of Egyptian civilization.
Explain how Egyptian kingdoms developed and why they collapsed.

3. The Land: Its Geography and Importance
Section 1:
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
The Land: Its Geography and Importance
The Nile River
Other natural advantages – farmland, mineral deposits

4. Early Steps Toward Civilization
Section 1:
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Early Steps Toward Civilization
Mining metals
Making alloys and pottery
Writing - hieroglyphics

5. Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Section 1:
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
The Egyptian Kingdoms
The Old Kingdom – pharaohs grew weaker and nobles grew stronger
The Middle Kingdom – “golden age”
The New Kingdom – Hatshepsut was one of first known female rulers
Egypt’s decline – Ramses was last great pharaoh

6. Egyptian Life and Culture
Section 2:
Egyptian Life and Culture
Objectives:
Describe Egyptian achievements in the arts and architecture.
Examine how the Egyptians expressed their religious beliefs.
Explain how farming and trade were carried on in Egypt.

7. The Achievements of Ancient Egypt
Section 2:
Egyptian Life and Culture
The Achievements of Ancient Egypt
Architecture and the arts – pyramids, sculpture
Science, math, and medicine – calendar, number system and geometry, herbal medicines

8. Education and Religion
Section 2:
Egyptian Life and Culture
Education and Religion
The gods – animal symbols
The afterlife – mummification to preserve body

9. Egyptian Life and Culture
Section 2:
Egyptian Life and Culture
Society and Economy
Farming – peasants farmed, but pharaohs owned land
Trade – in caravans and by sea

10. Sumerian Civilization
Section 3:
Sumerian Civilization
Objectives:
Explore how geography affected the development of the Sumerian civilization.
Identify the achievements of the Sumerian people.
Describe what life was like in Sumerian society.

11. The Land: Its Geography and Importance
Section 3:
Sumerian Civilization
The Land: Its Geography and Importance
Fertile Crescent – not isolated
Flood control – society built on cooperation

12. Sumer and Its Achievements
Section 3:
Sumerian Civilization
Sumer and Its Achievements
Sumerian writing – cuneiform
Architecture and science – arch, wheel, math

13. Sumerian Civilization
Section 3:
Sumerian Civilization
Sumerian Society
Government and society – priests, kings, and nobles at top, peasant farmers and slaves at bottom of society
Farming and trade – dates, grains, vegetables, flax for linen, animals
Education and religion – only upper-class males attended school; practiced polytheism

14. Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 4:
Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Objectives:
Explain why Sumerians were attacked by outsiders.
Examine the characteristics of Babylonian society.
Investigate which invaders conquered Babylon and why they failed to control it.
Describe the achievements of the Persians.

15. Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 4:
Empires of the Fertile Crescent
The Akkadians
From Mesopotamia
Sargon

16. Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 4:
Empires of the Fertile Crescent
The Babylonians
Code of Hammurabi – “an eye for an eye”
Babylonian culture – farming, women could own property
Religion – sacrifices

17. Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 4:
Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Other Conquerors
The Hittites – laws and government
The Assyrians – first to use cavalry
The Chaldeans – Nebuchadnezzar

18. Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 4:
Empires of the Fertile Crescent
The Persians
Government – collected taxes, administered law fairly, built roads
Persian religion – Zoroastrianism, universal struggle between good and evil
The decline of the Persians – kings lacked leadership abilities

19. The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Section 5:
The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Objectives:
Examine how trade influenced Phoenician culture.
Describe how a money economy developed in Lydia.

20. The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Section 5:
The Phoenicians and the Lydians
The Phoenicians
Phoenician trade – lumber, metals, glass blowing, dyeing
Phoenician culture – developed Phoenician alphabet

21. The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Section 5:
The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Lydians
First people to use coined money made of gold and silver

22. The Origins of Judaism Objectives: Section 6:
Explain how the migrating Hebrews found a homeland.
Explore how religious views affected Hebrew culture.

23. The Origins of Judaism The Hebrews Section 6:
The Exodus – Moses led Hebrews out of slavery
The Ten Commandments
The founding of Israel – King Saul

24. The Development of Judaism
Section 6:
The Origins of Judaism
The Development of Judaism
Law and ethics – Torah
Religion – ethical monotheism

25. Ancient Indian Civilizations
CHAPTER 3
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CHAPTER 3
Ancient Indian Civilizations
Section 1: Indus River Valley
Section 2: Indo-Aryan Migrants
Section 3: Hinduism and Buddhism
Section 4: Ancient Indian Dynasties
Section 5: Ancient Indian Life and Culture

26. Indus River Valley Objectives: Section 1:
Examine the role geography and climate played in the settlement of the Indian subcontinent.
Investigate how people in the first Indus River valley civilization lived.

27. The Importance of Geography and Climate
Section 1:
Indus River Valley
The Importance of Geography and Climate
Physical geography – Himalayas, Ganges River, Indus River
The climate – monsoons and high temperatures

28. Early Civilization in the Indus
Section 1:
Indus River Valley
Early Civilization in the Indus
River valley
Large, carefully planned cities
Facilities for storage and distribution of surplus food

29. Indo-Aryan Migrants Objectives: Section 2:
Explain how life in northern India changed with the coming of the Indo-Aryans.
Identify the major contributions of the Indo-Aryans to ancient Indian society.

30. The Nomadic Indo-Aryans
Section 2:
Indo-Aryan Migrants
The Nomadic Indo-Aryans
The Vedic Age
Indo-Aryan religion – from nature

31. Early Indo-Aryan Society
Section 2:
Indo-Aryan Migrants
Early Indo-Aryan Society
Indo-Aryan society – settled communities, marriage was important
The Indo-Aryan economy – barter
Southern India

32. Hinduism and Buddhism Section 3: Objectives: Section 3:
Describe the importance of religion in ancient Indian society.
Identify the principal elements of Hinduism.
Identify the basic beliefs of Buddhism.

33. The Upanishads and the Epics
Section 3:
Hinduism and Buddhism
The Upanishads and the Epics
Upanishads – written explanation of Vedic religion
Epics – long poems based on historical or religious themes
Bhagavad Gita

34. Hinduism and Buddhism A Changing Society Section 3: Caste system
Varnas – social classes

35. Hinduism and Buddhism Buddhism Section 3:
The Buddha’s teachings – reincarnation, ethics, selflessness
The spread of Buddhism

36. Ancient Chinese Civilization
CHAPTER 4
4/17/2017
CHAPTER 4
Ancient Chinese Civilization
Section 1: Geographic and Cultural Influences
Section 2: The Shang Dynasty
Section 3: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties
Section 4: Philosophies of Ancient China
Section 5: Chinese Life and Culture

37. Geographic and Cultural Influences
Section 1:
Geographic and Cultural Influences
Objectives:
Explore the role that rivers played in Chinese life.
Investigate how geography influenced the development of Chinese culture.

38. Geographic and Cultural Influences
Section 1:
Geographic and Cultural Influences
The Physical Setting
Different regions
The rivers of China – Huang, Chang, Xi

39. Geographic and Cultural Influences
Section 1:
Geographic and Cultural Influences
China’s Isolation
Zhongguo (Middle Kingdom)
Lack of contact with foreigners

40. The Shang Dynasty Objectives: Section 2:
Examine how the Chinese explained their early history.
Describe how the Shang government and economy were organized.
Identify the religious beliefs held by the Shang.
Explain why the Shang dynasty collapsed.

41. Legends of Ancient China
Section 2:
The Shang Dynasty
Legends of Ancient China
Pangu – first man, created universe
Yu – drained floodwaters
Xia – line of kings
Tang – a Shang leader

42. Government and Culture
Section 2:
The Shang Dynasty
Government and Culture
Economy and handicrafts – agriculture, artisans
Astronomy and the calendar

43. Religion in the Shang Period
Section 2:
The Shang Dynasty
Religion in the Shang Period
Animism
Festivals
Shangdi
Priests tried to predict the future using oracle bones

44. The Shang Dynasty Language and Writing Section 2: Ideographs
Calligraphy

45. Fall of the Shang Dynasty
Section 2:
The Shang Dynasty
Fall of the Shang Dynasty
Battles with neighboring states
Zhou

46. The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties
Section 3:
The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties
The Zhou Dynasty
“Mandate of Heaven”
Attacks by outsiders
Fighting within

47. Philosophies of Ancient China
Section 4:
Philosophies of Ancient China
Objectives:
Examine why the Chinese valued the concept of balance.
Explore what the Chinese philosopher Confucius taught.
Analyze how Daoism and Confucianism worked together in Chinese society.
Investigate how beliefs such as Legalism and Buddhism influenced Chinese history.

48. Ancient Chinese Beliefs
Section 4:
Philosophies of Ancient China
Ancient Chinese Beliefs
Yin
Yang
Balance is normal condition

49. Philosophies of Ancient China
Section 4:
Philosophies of Ancient China
Confucius and Laozi
Confucianism – strong but moral government. Relationships. Know your place. (Watch Mulan!)
Daoism – nature, harmony, balance

50. Philosophies of Ancient China
Section 4:
Philosophies of Ancient China
Legalism and Buddhism
Legalism in practice – balance between Legalism and Buddhism. Strict laws to control behavior.
Buddhism in China – universal charity and compassion

51. Chinese Life and Culture
Section 5:
Chinese Life and Culture
Objectives:
Explain why the family was a central institution in Chinese society.
Describe how farmers lived in ancient China.
Identify the artistic and scientific achievements of the Chinese.

52. Chinese Life and Culture
Section 5:
Chinese Life and Culture
Family and Social Life
Genealogy
Women had few rights and powers
Great respect for mothers (of sons…)

53. Chinese Life and Culture
Section 5:
Chinese Life and Culture
The Economy
Small village farmers
Qin dynasty standardized currency, weights, and measures

54. Chinese Life and Culture
Section 5:
Chinese Life and Culture
Arts and Sciences
The Five Classics – used to train scholars and civil servants
Science and technology – astronomy, seismography, clocks, acupuncture, paper-making, and printing – silk, gunpowder…