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Copyright © 2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Aggression as a biological phenomenon Instinct theory and evolutionary psychology ▫Aggression as an innate, unlearned behaviour pattern exhibited by all members of a species Neural influences Genetic influences Biochemical influences ▫Alcohol ▫Testosterone ▫Low serotonin ▫Biology and behaviour interact 1 LO2
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Copyright © 2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Aggression as a response to frustration Frustration-aggression theory The theory that frustration (the blocking of a goal-directed behaviour) triggers a readiness to aggress Displacement The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration Generally a safer or more socially acceptable target 2 LO2
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Copyright © 2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Aggression as a response to frustration 3 Source: Based on Dollard et al. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press and Miller, N. E. (1941). The frustration-aggression hypothesis. Psychological Review, 48, 337–342. LO2
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Copyright © 2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Aggression as a response to frustration Frustration-aggression theory revised Frustration produces anger The role of aggressive cues Relative deprivation The perception that one is less well off than others to whom one compares oneself 4 LO2
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Copyright © 2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Aggression as learned social behaviour The rewards of aggression Observational learning Social learning theory: The theory that we learn social behaviour by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished e.g., Bandura’s “Bobo” doll experiments The family The culture e.g., the “culture of honour” in the southern U.S. 5 LO2
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