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Figure 2.1 Circuit symbol for the op amp.

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Presentation on theme: "Figure 2.1 Circuit symbol for the op amp."— Presentation transcript:

1 Figure 2.1 Circuit symbol for the op amp.
© 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

2 Figure 2. 2 Equivalent circuit for the ideal op amp
Figure 2.2 Equivalent circuit for the ideal op amp. AOL is very large (approaching infinity). © 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

3 Figure 2.3 Op-amp symbol showing power supplies.
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4 Figure 2.4 Inverting amplifier.
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5 Figure 2.5 We make use of the summing-point constraint in the analysis of the inverting amplifier.
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6 Figure 2.6 An inverting amplifier that achieves high gain with a smaller range of resistor values than required for the basic inverter. © 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

7 Figure 2.7 Summing amplifier. See Exercise 2.1.
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8 Figure 2.8 Circuits of Exercise 2.2.
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9 Figure 2.9 Circuit of Exercise 2.3.
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10 Figure 2.10a Schmitt trigger circuit and waveforms.
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11 Figure 2.10b Schmitt trigger circuit and waveforms.
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12 Figure 2.11 Noninverting amplifier.
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13 Figure 2.12 Voltage follower.
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14 Figure 2.13 Inverting or noninverting amplifier. See Exercise 2.4.
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15 Figure 2.14 Differential amplifier. See Exercise 2.5.
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16 Figure 2.15 Circuit for Exercise 2.6.
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17 Figure 2.20 If low-value resistors are used, an impractically large current is required.
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18 Figure 2.21 If very high value resistors are used, stray capacitance can couple unwanted signals into the circuit. © 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

19 we cascade a voltage follower with an inverter.
Figure 2.22 To attain large input resistance with moderate resistances for an inverting amplifier, we cascade a voltage follower with an inverter. © 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

20 Figure 2.23 Amplifier designed in Example 2.4.
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21 Figure 2.25 Bode plot of open-loop gain for a typical op amp.
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22 Figure 2.26 Noninverting amplifier.
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23 Figure 2.27 Bode plots for Example 2.5.
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24 Figure 2.28 For a real op amp, clipping occurs if the output voltage reaches certain limits.
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25 Figure 2.29 Circuit of Example 2.8.
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26 Figure 2. 30 Output of the circuit of Figure 2
Figure 2.30 Output of the circuit of Figure 2.29 for RL = 10kV and Vs max = 5V. © 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

27 Figure 2.31 Output of the circuit of
Figure 2.29 for RL = 10kV and vs(t) = 2.5 sin (105p t). © 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

28 Figure 2.32 Circuit of Exercise 2.15.
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29 Figure 2.33 Current sources and a voltage source model the dc imperfections of an op amp.
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30 Figure 2.34a Circuit of Example 2.10.
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31 Figure 2.34b Circuit of Example 2.10.
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32 Figure 2.34c Circuit of Example 2.10.
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33 Figure 2.34d Circuit of Example 2.10.
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34 Figure 2.35 Adding the resistor R to the inverting amplifier circuit causes the effects of bias currents to cancel. © 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

35 Figure 2.36 Noninverting amplifier, including resistor R to balance the effects of the bias currents. See Exercise~2.17. © 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

36 Figure 2.37 Noninverting amplifier.
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37 Figure 2.40 Bode plot of the gain magnitude for the circuit of Figure 2.37.
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38 Figure 2.42 Noninverting amplifier used to demonstrate nonlinear effects.
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39 Figure 2. 45 Output of the circuit of Figure 2
Figure 2.45 Output of the circuit of Figure 2.42 for RL = 10kV and Vim =5V. © 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

40 Figure 2.46 Unity-gain amplifiers.
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41 Figure 2.47 Inverting amplifier.
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42 Figure 2.48 Ac-coupled inverting amplifier.
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43 Figure 2.49 Summing amplifier.
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44 Figure 2. 50 Noninverting amplifier
Figure 2.50 Noninverting amplifier. This circuit approximates an ideal voltage amplifier. © 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

45 Figure 2.51 Ac-coupled noninverting amplifier.
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46 Figure 2.52 Ac-coupled voltage follower with bootstrapped bias resistors.
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47 Figure 2.53 Differential amplifier.
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48 Figure 2.54 Instrumentation-quality differential amplifier.
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49 Figure 2.55 Voltage-to-current converter (transconductance amplifier).
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50 Figure 2.56 Voltage-to-current converter with grounded load (Howland circuit).
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51 Figure 2.57 Current-to-voltage converter (transresistance amplifier).
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52 Figure 2.58 Current amplifier.
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53 Figure 2.59 Variable-gain amplifier. See Exercise 2.21.
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54 Figure Integrator. © 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.

55 Figure 2.61 Square-wave input signal for Exercise 2.24.
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56 Figure 2.62 Answer for Exercise 2.24a.
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57 Figure 2.63 Differentiator.
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58 Figure 2.64a Comparative Bode plots.
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59 Figure 2.64b Comparative Bode plots.
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60 Figure 2.64c Comparative Bode plots.
© 2000 Prentice Hall Inc.


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