1. Earth Study 360 Technology overview

2. ES360 Components Full Azimuth Illumination EarthStudy 360 Imaging
EarthStudy 360 Processor and Visualization
Full Azimuth Anisotropic Tomography
Full Azimuth Residual Moveouts
Full Azimuth AVA Inversion
Fastvel maybe included as well
Components 2

3. Full Azimuth Decomposition and Imaging EarthStudy 360™
reflected ray
incident ray g 1 2
REFLECTION DATA
Half opening angle
Opening Azimuth n 1 2
Dip of ray-pair inward normal
Azimuth of ray-pair inward normal
DIRECTIONAL DATA
How do we solve the problem? (Transisitions Animation to Schematic – LAD, Schematic to polar angles – Direction of Propagation
Animation – we decompose and image the seismic data using a rich ray tracing procedure based on a bottom-up exploding diffractor model that traces rays in all angles and all directions to achieve a uniform illumination of the subsurface. All arrivals are taken into account, all phases are preserved.
Schematic – This ray trace procedure is used to map surface seismic data to subsurface image points. This mapping is performed in the LAD, a system for describing the interaction of the incidence and reflected wavefields where each wavefield can be decomposed into rays or beams indicating the direction of propagation. The direction of propagation of the incidence and scattered rays can be described in the polar angle domain with two independent systems of angles.
Reflection Data (Scattered Data) – is defined by the opening angle (between incidence and reflected rays) and opening azimuth (orientation of the cross section between the two). The cone expands with increase in opening angle while the azimuth changes with direction.
The directional data is defined by the zenith and orientation of the ray-pair inward normal (sum of I&R slowness vectors). Think of this as a mirror representing the orientation of the local reflecting surface.
(The surface parameters for imaging include the X, Y, of S and R as well as the directional slowness vectors (Px, Py, Px. The subsurface parameters are defined by X, Y, Z of the image point and the four polar angles).
A huge amount of data points, 4.2 billions, are required for representing the incident/reflected wavefield. This is the reason why the industry is using only few azimuthal sectors. As you will see through the next slides, our new invention enables to represent the same wavefield with much less data points, keeping optimal accuracy.

4. Two Types of 3D Image Angle Gathers
Directional
Dip and azimuth
Reflection
Opening angle and opening angle azimuth

5. Deliverables -ES360 Imager
Directional Gather
Specular Energy Weighted Stack – Final Image
Diffraction Energy Weighted Stack – Fracture and small scale fault detection
Dip and Azimuth Volumes for Tomography or Curvature Analysis
Deliverables

6. Deliverables -ES360 Imager
Reflection Gather
Full Azimuth Angle Gathers used for kinematic and dynamic analysis
Deliverables

7. Deliverables- AVAZ Full Azimuth AVA Inversion
Isotropic Gradient and Anisotropic Gradient Volumes
Fracture Density and Fracture Orientation Volumes
Fastvel
Delta2 and Fracture Orientation Volumes
Deliverables

8. Deliverables HTI Inversion
HTI Kinematic Inversion
HTI Delta2 Map (fracture intensity map)
HTI Axis of Symmetry Map (normal to the fracture plane)
HTI Reliability Map
Deliverables

9. Directional Angle Gathers Deliverables
Focal mechanism able to discriminate between specular and diffraction waves
Specular energy weighted stack
Diffraction energy weighted stack
Structural attributes dip, azimuth and continuity, directly from the directional angle gathers 9
Deliverables

10. EarthStudy 360 – Full Azimuth Directional Data
Specular Stack
Dip
Azimuth
Continuity
FULL AZIMUTH DIP GATHER
Deliverables

11. Depth Migrated Section from 3D Transition Area
a) Directional angle decomposition followed by normal stack
b) Image in the same area with specular energy weighted stack
Deliverables

12. Diffraction Imaging Fractured Carbonate Reservoir in East Siberia
The high resolution data is typically lost with traditional migration imaging kernels as they are biased towards the specular energy.
Coherence is not based on wave propagation and acts on both types of energy.
Scattered Energy
Soft Taper
Scattered Energy
Hard Taper
Migrated Slice 12
Deliverables

13. Reflection Angle Gathers Deliverables
Full Azimuth Velocity Analysis - Tomography
High Resolution Velocity Analysis - Tomography
Kinematic HTI Inversion
Reservoir characterization, fracture detection, and elastic parameters analysis/inversion (AVAZ) 1
Deliverables

14. Example of Residual Surface along ES360 Gathers- High resolution updates
Automatic picking of delays on full azimuth angle gathers using the Poisson Picker
multi azimuth acquisition the uncertainty in velocity determination is highly reduced
Resolution of Small Velocity Anomalies by Wide Azimuth Reflection Data Tomography - Allon Bartana, Dan Kossloff
Automatic picking of delays on 3D angle gathers -Allon Bartana, Dan Kossloff
Deliverables

15. ES360 Reflection Gather – 2D Display
ES360 Visualizer
Gather panel colored by opening angle
Gather panel colored by Azimuth
Deliverables

16. Kinematic HTI Inversion
Base carbonate carries classic signature of HTI anisotropy
Deliverables

17. Kinematic HTI Inversion
Kinematics:
Reference : Effective Model for HTI / VTI Layered Media
Zvi Koren*, Igor Ravve and Ronit Levy, Paradigm Geophysical
Deliverables

18. Dynamic - Fracture Detection Deliverables
We may consider to extract values along maps
a) Normal Incidence b) Gradient c) Anisotropic Gradient
a) Fracture Orientation b) Fracture Density
Deliverables 18

19. Surface Sectors Multi -Azimuth How many sectors ?
What is the correct azimuth sector ?
Offset X
Offset Y

20. Surface Sectors Multi -Azimuth How many sectors ?
What azimuthal aperture ?
What azimuthal aperture ?
Offset X
Offset Y

21. Azimuthal Discrepancy Map SEG Model

22. Benefit Fracture system detection High resolution Velocity Analysis
Enhanced Specular Images
Dense Ray Tracer
Rich seismic information
Uniform sub-surface illumination

23. Benefit Surface solution to a subsurface problem
Multi – Azimuth requires a migration of each sector
No HTI Inversion