1. Vive La Revolution! Following the Storming of the Bastille

2. The National Assembly  “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens” created in October 1789.  Page 79  The Constitution of 1791. Constitutional Monarchy King is head of executive branch with veto power over the actions of the Legislative Assembly. The Assembly controlled the appointment and dismissal of ministers of the crown.

3. Right to Vote  Paid taxes  French males  25 years old + RULE BY THE UPPER MIDDLE CLASS The lower class still suffered.

4. Second Phase of the Revolution  1791 to 1795  Louis XVI unwilling to rule under parliamentary control.  He attempted to flee, was captured, and lost loyalties.  He swore to uphold the new constitution.

5. New Governing Parties  Feuillants Conservative monarchists 20 members  Girondins Propertied merchants & supported by peasants Wanted to abolish the monarchy and spread rights to peasants 250 members  Jacobins Radical group 30 members

6. Violence begets violence  Countries like Austria, Britain, and Italy were upset with revolutionaries.  France declared war in April 1792.

7. Student Activity  Comparing National Anthems: France’s “La Marseillaise” page 69. Britain’s “God Save the Queen” America’s “Star-Spangled Banner” 1. What are the similarities between France’s revolutionary song and the American National Anthem? 2. Why are they so different from the British anthem? 3. Why do symbols such as anthems and flags act as a unifying force? 4. What is nationalism and why did it start?

8. “The King must die so the nation can live”  Trial of Louis XVI January 1793  361 to 360 – execute former monarch.  Louis the first of over 20,000 to face the guillotine.

9. Leader of the Radical Phase  Miximilien de Robespierre 35-year old lawyer “republic of virtue”  People had to be self-sacrificing or they would be forced to sacrifice.  “Reign of Terror” between Sept. 1793 and June 1794.

10. Total Warfare  French republic – first nation to mobilize citizens for total war.  Both men and property were conscripted.  New flag  New anthem  Defeated enemies. Borders secured.

11. Third Phase of Revolution  1795-1799  New form of government: “Directory” New constitution Bicameral legislature  Council of Elders  Council of Five Hundred

12. Peasants Lose Again  Voting rights improved Male Over 21 Lived in France minimum 1 year After 9-year grace period, had to be literate.

13. State of France  CRISIS Plots from royalists and extreme revolutionaries Armies badly defeated in wars in Italy Severe food shortages Government was running out of money (foreign wars).