1. Olena Marchenko ПР-09-зс

2. CURRENT RELEVANCE OF THE TOPIC Various realia are observed, not only proper names; The interdependence between realia meanings and ways of translation is specified; The role of realia in the publicistic discourse is outlined; Focus on translation into Ukrainian.

3.  To specify what “realia” are.  To distinguish several classifications of realia.  To analyze approaches and means of realia rendering into native language.  To specify the peculiarities of the publicistic discourse.  To select the actual material for investigation.  To examine the peculiarities of realia rendering in compliance with their meaning.

4. Realia are unique and distinctive objects or phenomena of a particular nation, which embody a mental code, formed by the social, cultural, geographical, political and historical background, and that cannot be understood by speakers of other cultures without mastering these aspects of background knowledge

5. APPROACHES TO REALIA LINGVO- CULTURAL STYLISTICLINGUISTIC TRANSLATION STUDIES

6. І. Abstract meaning: а) Related to culture and religion: But it is obvious that Beowulf, Grendel and the Dragon clearly belong to the classification of “myth” ; b) Historical and Political: Henry VII ended the dynastic wars known as the Wars of the Roses, founded the Tudor dynasty and modernized England's government and legal system; c) Of everyday use: The details of the young Lennon's detentions were discovered by an enterprising teacher in the late 1970s.

7. ІІ. Concrete meaning: а) Proper names: anthroponyms and toponyms : Elton John and John Lennon once hid from pop art icon Andy Warhol in a New York hotel room because they feared he would expose them as cocaine fiends; b) Professions: Tower of London gets first female Beefeater ; c) Other (of everyday use, historical and political): This small scrap quilt is made from the leftovers from the Country Home quilt.

8. Metonymy : Leaving aside the fact that only outside America does "Yankee" mean all Americans—does the world's most powerful country really want its representative to be a Connecticut Yankee (or any other kind) at Queen Elizabeth's court? Periphrasis: Nicknamed the "Golden State," California is the third largest state in area after Alaska and Texas.

9. Stylistic and Expressive Function Periphrasis, Epithet 3% Metaphor 8% Metonymy 14%

10. Leprechauns are often described as wizened old men with pots of gold. But there is much more to the Irish folk legend. Леприкони зазвичай зображуються у вигляді стариків зі зморшкуватим обличчям, які володіють горщиком із золотом. Проте така характеристика – лише частина ірландської народної легенди.

11. Спустити прапор Великобританії? Шотландія збирається відокремлюватись від Сполученого Королівства.

12. Informative 26% Compressive 48% Cognitive 69% Accumulative 78% Nominative 96%

13. Transcription and Transliteration 61% Explication 15% Functional analog 14% Graphical selection 12% Decompression 11% Partial calques 6% Semantic neologism 4% Calques 2% Adaptation 2% Contextual translation 4% Generalization 1%