1. Quiz Review

2. Productivity of Ecosystems
GPP = NPP + Respiration
If producers use 3.4g C/m2/yr and the gross primary productivity is 5.0 g C/m2/yr what is the NPP?
5.0 = x + 3.4
X=1.6

3. What are the products of cellular respiration?
What are the products of photosynthesis?

4. Does photosynthesis use or produce carbon dioxide?
Does cellular respiration use or produce carbon dioxide?
HINT! LOOK AT SLIDES BEFORE!

5. What is another name for producers?
Q :What is another name for Consumers?
A: Heterotrophs

6. What is percolation? What is infiltration?
What is transpiration? What is leaching?

7. What are two limiting nutrients?
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
An excess of these cause? E_____________
remember fertilizer runoff, algal blooms, hypoxic environments
What other cycle/abiotic factor carries these nutrients?

8. What percent of E is Reflected? Absorbed?

10. Carbon Cycle
What are four anthropogenic effects on the the atmospheric carbon reservoir?
-Transportation
-Deforestation
-Forest fires
-Burning fossil fuels
Do these activities increase or decrease atmospheric carbon?

11. Forms of Nitrogen
Nitrite: NO2 - Nitrate: NO Memory trick : I ate three nitrate Ammonium: NH Memory trick : um its 4+ Ammonia: NH3

12. FixNAAD ANPAN
Process Product Fix-nitrogen fixation Ammonia Nitrification Nitrates Assimiliation Proteins Ammonification Ammonia Denitrification Nitrogen
Nitrogen Fixation Assimiliation Ammoniification Nitrification Denitrification

13. Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium
Do not exist as gaseous forms
Phosphorus is usually found in rocks, soils
Phosphorous can cause eutrophication

15. Instrumental Values of Ecosystems
Provisions- Goods that humans can use directly.
Regulating services- The service provided by natural systems that helps regulate environmental conditions.
Support systems- The support services that natural ecosystems provide such as pollination, natural filters and pest control.
Resilience- Resilience of an ecosystem ensures that it will continue to provide benefits to humans. This greatly depends on species diversity.
Cultural services- Ecosystems provide cultural or aesthetic benefits to many people.

16. Resistance versus Resilience
Resistance- A measure of how much a disturbance can affect its flows of energy and matter.
Resilience- The rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance.
Restoration ecology- A new scientific discipline that is interested in restoring damaged ecosystems.

17. Temperature
Mesopause
Stratopause
Tropopause

18. Temperature
Mesopause
Stratopause
Temperature
Mesopause
Stratopause
Temperature
increasing
decreasing

19. At 30 degrees N and S, is the air rising or falling
At 30 degrees N and S, is the air rising or falling? Rising or falling at equator?

20. Earth's Rotation and the Coriolis Effect
Causes Prevailing Winds and Gyre Formation
Gyres- the large-scale patterns of water circulation. The ocean surface currents rotate in a clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and a counterclockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere.

21. Five Major Gyres

22. Where is the windward side? Does it receive rain?

23. PHOTIC
APHOTIC