1. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS ISM Code Training Material

2. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 12 Passenger & Ro-Ro ships operations General features Passenger handling

3. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS High sided vessels requiring special attention for racking. Superstructure and deck loading requires special attention. Contains many compartments but also has large halls, saloons, etc. Side shell openings for passengers. Session 12 Passenger ships

4. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Ro-Ro ships As for passenger vessels. In addition large car deck supports (grillages). Session 12

5. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 12 Ro-ro Ships stability problems Open deck & free surface effect Effect of deck cargo & high centre of gravity

6. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Ro-Ro ships Free surface effect M G W W 1 L L 1 B B 1 ..... G 1. m.. b b 1 Ballast tank S T 1 i G     The centre of gravity of the ship raised to 1 Loss of GM is: i Where = moment of inertia of free surface = densityoffluidin tank =densityofseawater V = volumedisplacementof theship Virtual centre of gravity of the ballast water in the inclined position is m Loss of GM (G 1 M) depends on size of free surface not quantity of fluid! T  S  G free surface Session 12

7. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS 10.4 Passenger vessels Cruise liners Ferry ships RoRo with limited passenger capacity Cargo vessels with very minimal passenger cabins

8. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS 10.4 Passenger vessels Number of passengers can be very high up to 4000 and even more now Crew mostly half or 2/3 the passenger capacity On-board entertainment is made very luxurious – bars, cinema, swimming pools, miniature golf, tennis courts, slot/gambling machine etc. Vessels fitted with stabilisers on sides to reduce rolling to a minimum

9. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS 10.4 Passenger vessels All crew require professional skill & training as per STCW regulations Service to Passengers is the utmost priority Daytrips organized to nearby locations at port Due to high berthing costs based on GRT, cruise vessels often drop anchor and tender the passengers with own boats Evacuation training of Passengers – dealt sensibly

10. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS 10.4 Passenger vessels Mostly 1 master & 1 passenger captain for Pax Hotel services & catering quality – priority Muster stations, drills & lifeboat allocation ! ! Luggage handling of passengers Multinational crew – language & cultural difficulties ! ! ! Several departments – nautical, technical, catering, radio, medical, entertainment etc.

11. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS 10.4 Passenger vessels Due to exorbitant prices for tugs, ships are equipped with powerful & sophisticated bow & stern thrusters, diesel electric engines, Azipods etc. Weather navigation to provide best weather conditions Lay time at port – generally less than 24h During port stay – crew organize, victualling, bunkering, garbage removal, crew change etc. Number of passengers on board – upon every departure to be critically checked.

12. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS 10.5 Ferry ships & high speed ferry Ferries operate mostly in coastal waters/ short sea voyages Limited number of passengers (up to 3000) Mostly several departures on a liner service Fixed ports & a tight schedule Mostly easy manoeuvrable ships Cargo & passengers intake simultaneously

13. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS 10.5 Ferry ships & high speed ferry Seating arranged as in an airplane Very fast navigation (35 – 45 knots) In case of fire breakout, no bulkheads to restrict Navigation critical by such high speeds ! ! ! Vessels subjected to High speed craft code Additional navigational signal (yellow blinking light)

14. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS 10.6 RoRo vessels Continuous decks divided into Lane metres (~loading length capacity of a deck e.g. Deck 2 – 330 lane metres = 330 metres of loading length capacity) Damage stability = CRITICAL ! ! Extra regulations for RoRo Powerful anti-heeling system required as ramp should not get damaged when ship heels Strong ventilation necessary to remove exhaust of vehicles driven into ship Mostly on short sea voyages with tight schedules

15. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS 10.6 RoRo vessels For ports with poor infrastructure Cargo loaded either via terminal ramps or ships’ ramps or combination of both Angle between ramp & shore – critical for trailers On RoRo LoLo, loading of cargo on top to be observed with aft submerging more into water (ingress) Fixed fire fighting & alarm systems – covers the entire hold

16. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS 10.7 Ro Pax vessels For ports with less vessels or difficult shore side connections Mostly in countries where neighbouring countries are nearby (Baltic states, North Sea states etc.) Engaged on short sea voyages Restricted capacity of passenger cabins Also for accompanied trucks with drivers Regional exceptions on dangerous goods – agreement between states where cargo is transported

17. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 12 - Passenger & Ro-Ro vessels 10.1 Bulk cargoes and trades 10.2Bulk cargo operations 10.3Bulk carrier features and specialities 10.4Passenger vessels 10.5 Ferry ships & High speed ferry 10.6Ro-Ro Ships 10.7Ro-Pax vessels

18. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS VIDEO “ Passenger Mustering & Crowd Management”