1. 1 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Eco Tugs with DF Engines Ibrahim Behairy Director Middle East Ship Power / Wärtsilä UAE IMOC 2014 Saudi Arabia Jubail 3-4 Sept. 2014

2. 2 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Contents –Introduction. –Challenges and main Market Drivers. –Design background. –Terminal Tug and DF engine type. –Fuel Selection. –What is LNG and how safe? –Conclusion. –Q & A.

3. Saudi Arabia to Go Green... KSA Strategic Geographical Location in the M.E: Central Trade Hub with modern ports. Strong National Fleet. ( Off Shore + Merchant). Oil & Gas in KSA: 2nd Largest Country in Oil production. 6th Largest Country in Natural Gas Reserve. This supports the trend of using LNG as new source of power. (Availability+Price+Environment) 03 July 2015 DF Vs SG3 © Wärtsi lä

4. Factor trends: Environment LOCAL GLOBAL LOCAL Acid rains Tier II (2011) Tier III (2016) NO x Greenhouse effect Under evaluation by IMO CO 2 Acid rains Sulphur content in fuel SO x Direct impact on humans Locally regulated Particulate matter 4 © Wärtsilä2sDF Engine

5. 5 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Development drivers for tug boats Environment –Emission reduction NO X emissions SO X emissions –GHG “climate change” and human health CO 2 Particles Fuel cost –Increasing oil prices

6. 6 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Design target “Develop a machinery system producing the lowest possible emissions, whilst supporting the highest possible functionality for tug operations”

7. 7 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Terminal Tug Concept Concept: –Terminal tug –LNG as primary fuel –Main machinery Electric propulsion 2 x dual fuel generating sets –Azimuthing stern drive (ASD) Main particulars –Length, overall35,6m –Length, waterline 32m –Beam13,8m –Bollard pull100tonnes –Installed power6300kW

8. 8 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Considerations for fuel selection Emissions potential Quality standard Cost Safety Availability Storage

9. 9 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: –Natural gas is mostly methane (CH 4 ) –Methane contains the highest amount of hydrogen per unit of energy of any fossil fuel Carbon to hydrogen ratio 1 / 4 (gasoline: 1 / 2,25) Lower CO 2 emissions –Natural gas is: Non-toxic Colourless Odourless Lighter than air What is Natural Gas? Methane (CH 4 ) H H H H C Ethane (C 2 H 6 )

10. 10 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Why bunker has to be in liquid form (LNG) 600 Fuel relative volume, energy content equal

11. 11 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: LNG tank – space demand Energy content equal Storage volume (Relative to MDO above double bottom)

12. 12 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: DF Engines - Operating modes

13. Otto or Diesel cycles: effects on NO X Big temperature difference  NOx formation! Otto, max flame temp. Diesel, max flame temp. 1858-1913 1831-1891 2sDF Engine / May 2013 3 July 2015

14. DF Engines - Emissions CO 2 NO x SO x Particulates Diesel engine 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Emission values [%] -25% -85% -99% 03 July 2015 14 © Wärtsi lä DF Vs SG Dual-Fuel engine in gas mode IMO Tier III compliant SOx compliant EPA compliant

15. 15 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Cleaner Exhaust Emissions 25-30% lower CO 2 –Thanks to low carbon to hydrogen ratio of fuel 85% lower NO X –Lean burn concept (high air-fuel ratio) No SO X emissions –Sulphur is removed from fuel when liquefied Very low particulate emissions No visible smoke No sludge deposits

16. What about Methane slip and THC? 03 July 2015 DF Vs SG16 © Wärtsi lä Total un-burnt Hydrocarbons (THC) is currently not regulated by IMO THC are part of exhaust gases, where Methane (CH 4 ) is one part of THC 60-90% of THC is consisting of Methane, depending on the gas quality Methane is 25 times more harmful than CO 2 and listed as a greenhouse gas (GHG)

17. Total Greenhouse Gases 03 July 2015 DF Vs SG17 Based on the ISO defined operating profile CH 4 in THC is 60-90% depending on gas composition Approx ~20% reduction* * Based on 32 / 34 bore comparison CH 4 as CO 2 equivalent when CH 4 part of THC is max 60% CO 2

18. 18 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Design focus - expanded Lowest emissions –Fuel selection –Engine technology Highest functionality –Thrust response –Required bollard pull DF Engine

19. DUAL- FUEL (DF) GAS-DIESEL (GD) Gas burning technologies 03 July 2015 DF Vs SG19 © Wärtsi lä SPARK-IGNITION GAS (SG) 198719921995 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

20. 20 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Wärtsilä Dual-fuel engine characteristics –High efficiency –Low gas pressure –Low emissions, due to: High efficiency Clean fuel Lean burn combustion –Fuel flexibility Gas mode Diesel mode –Two engine models Wärtsilä 34DF Wärtsilä 50DF Wärtsilä 6L50DF

21. 21 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Technical data W34 (DF) Engine Engine speedrpm720750 Boremm340 Strokemm400 Mean piston speedm/s9.610 Mean eff. pressurebar2019.8 Max output/ cyl.kW435450

22. L L 3 2 1 4 5 6 7 LNG Pac for DF Engine 5. Dual-Fuel Main engine 1. Fueling Station 2. Gas Storage 6. Dual-Fuel Aux engines 3. Evaporators 4. Gas valve unit enclosure 7. Integrated control system Leading into the Gas age complete system supply 22 © Wärtsi lä 2sDF Engine

23. 23 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: LNG tank Cylindrical pressure vessel –C-type acc. to ICG code Vacuum insulated Approved for passenger vessels

24. 24 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: LNG storage location Gas storage below deck Min. B/15 or 2 m (the lesser) Never less than 760 mm Min. B/5 or 11,5 m (the lesser) LNG tank

25. Glycol-water skid 201325 Wärtsilä LNGPac™ ISO / Jonatan Byggmästar The glycol-water (GW) skid extracts heat from the engine LT-water circuit for evaporating and heating of the LNG A mixture of glycol and water is used as heating media and supplied to the evaporator skid The GW skid shall preferably be installed in the engine room Flange connections GW to/from evaporator skid LT- water in & out Equipment Redundant GW pumps GW/LT heat exchangers Process valves Instrumentation

26. Gas Valve Unit in enclosure benefits Main features Can be located in the same engine room, dedicated compartment not needed Compact design and easy installation (plug-and-play concept) Integrated ventilation system when combined with LNGPac Lower total investment cost compared to existing GVU Optimal for retrofit installation, due to compact size 26 © Wärtsi lä 2sDF Engine

27. 27 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Bunkering –LNG Terminal –Tanker truck –Tanker ship / barge –Land based storage tank Suorce:www.knutsenoas.com

28. 28 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Operational modes

29. 29 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: LNG fuelled terminal tug

30. 30 © Wärtsilä Engine characteristics - Operating mode changes (3/3) Speed Load Receiver pressure Gas pressure Pilot fuel pressure Diesel actuator Transfer from gas mode to diesel mode at 100% load Test result 18V50DF Speed Gas pressure Load Receiver pressure Pilot fuel pressure Diesel actuator Transfer from diesel mode to gas mode at 80% load Test result 18V50DF

31. 31 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Fuel prices USD/tonEUR/tonUSD/MBtu MDO980---- MGOAbt.1000--------- LNG465---------- 31 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Source: www.bunkerworld.com (Rotterdam February 2008), LNG price estimatedwww.bunkerworld.com 1 EUR = 1.47 USD

32. LNG Properties (Is it Safe.!) 03 July 2015

33. 33 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Conclusions LNG for low emissions DF Engines for lower fuel consumption, and emissions Electronics instantaneous load response Dual Fuel flexibility

34. 34 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Thank You..!Wärtsilä Leading Gas Applications in Off Shore MarketLeading Gas Applications in Off Shore Market e-mail: Ibrahim.behairy@wartsila.come-mail: Ibrahim.behairy@wartsila.com