1. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME Systematic screening for active TB – from guideline to operational manual A TBCARE 1 (USAID) project by ATS, FHI360, KNCV, MSH, TBREACH and WHO The Union Conference 2014 Knut Lönnroth Global TB Programme, WHO 1

2. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME www.who.int/tb/tbscreening

3. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME Key principles First ensure health systems preparedness Indiscriminate mass screening should be avoided. Prioritize risk groups for screening based on assessments of benefits, risks, feasibility, and cost. Chose among screening and diagnostic algorithms, based on accuracy, feasibility and cost 3

4. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME Strong recommendations = Should be screened in all settings 1.Household contacts and other close contacts should be systematically screened for active TB. 2.People living with HIV should be systematically screened for active TB at each visit to a health facility. 3.Systematic screening for active TB should be done in current and former workers in workplaces with silica exposure 4

5. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME Conditional recommendations = prioritization needed 4.Systematic screening for active TB should be considered in prisons and other penitentiary institutions. (including staff) 5.Systematic screening for active TB should be considered in people with untreated fibrotic CXR lesion. 6.In settings where the TB prevalence is ≥100/100,000 in the general population, systematic screening for active TB should be considered among people who are seeking care or who are in care and belong to selected risk groups (see remarks, including staff) 5

6. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME Conditional recommendations, cont. 7.A. Systematic screening may be considered for geographically defined sub-populations with extremely high levels of undetected TB (>1% prevalence) B. Systematic screening may be considered also for other sub- populations with very poor health care access, such as urban slum dwellers, homeless people, people living remote areas with poor access, indigenous populations, migrants, and other vulnerable groups. 6

7. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME Operational guide

8. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME Planning & implementation cycle 1. Situation assessment / 6. Monitoring and evaluation 2. (Re-)Define goals and specific objectives 3. (Re-) prioritization of risk-groups 4. Choose screening and diagnostic algorithms 5. Planning, budgeting, implementation

9. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME 1. Situation assessment TB epidemiology and case detection gaps Map risk groups and special access barriers Preparedness of NTP, health system, partners Existing regulatory and human rights frameworks

10. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME 2. Setting goals and specific objectives Primary aim: detect active TB early: a)Reducing the risk of poor treatment outcomes and the adverse social and economic consequences. b)Equitable access c)Reducing TB transmission Secondary: a)Rule out active disease to help identify people who are eligible for treatment of latent TB infection. b)Identifying people who are at particularly high risk of developing active disease in the future and thus may require repeat screening

11. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME 3. Prioritization of risk-groups; criteria: 1.Benefits vs. harm for the individual 2.Total yield of true TB cases 3.Impact on transmission 4.Equity aspects 5.Feasibility and acceptability 6.Number needed to screen 7.Cost effectiveness and cost benefit

12. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME 4. Choosing algorithms Accuracy and yield of the screening and diagnostic tests TB prevalence in the risk groups Profile of the prioritized risk groups Availability, feasibility, capacity for using different tests Cost and cost-effectiveness

13. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME 5. Planning, budgeting and implementing Planning, HR and commodity requirements, budgeting Ethical considerations (informed consent etc) Partner and community involvement Resource mobilization

14. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME 6. Monitoring, evaluation and re-programming Reality check; adjust, re-prioritize, discontinue? Define indicators to monitor:  Yield, NNS, confirmed vs. non-confirmed cases  Contribution to case notification  Cost and cost per case Minimum recording and reporting requirements  Number screened  Number screened positive  Number cases detected (by type) Research:  Accuracy of algorithms  Operational challenges  Improve acceptability and minimize harm  Effectiveness and cost effectiveness

15. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME Next steps for the operational guide 1.Finalization (December 2014) and dissemination 2.Continued support for field testing and evaluation 3.Compilation of additional case studies – create a web repository 4.Research to refine approaches and algorithms

16. GLOBAL TB PROGRAMME Acknowledgements NTPs Cambodia China Ghana Myanmar Rwanda South Africa Uzbekistan TBREACH project countries TBCARE 1 Partners ATS FHI360 KNCV MSH TBREACH/Stop TB Partnership