1. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER February2014 January 9 th, 2015 Elisabeth Barnett, PhD Senior Research Associate High School - College Partnerships to Increase College Readiness

2. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Overview of the state of college readiness Three interventions Summer bridge courses Early college readiness assessments Transition courses Design decisions and tradeoffs Today’s topics

3. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Many students are not ready for college (NCES, 2013)

4. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Students needing remediation are less likely to graduate college (Attewell, Lavin, Domina, and Levey, 2006)

5. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Lack of academic preparation in K-12 Misalignment of high school and college expectations and curriculum Lack of college knowledge Why are recent high school graduates underprepared for college?

6. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Research on Models for Increasing College Readiness Focus on initiatives co- sponsored by K-12 and colleges Summer bridge programs Early college readiness assessments Transition courses

7. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER The National Center for Postsecondary Research (2006- 2012) focused on measuring the effectiveness of programs designed to help students make the transition to college and master the skills needed to advance to a degree. National Center for Postsecondary Research

8. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Developmental Summer Bridge Study Implemented by eight colleges and universities in Texas Participating students had just completed high school and needed remediation per college placement test results Research Implementation study Random assignment study of student outcomes Cost study

9. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Summer bridge programs (2009) were offered at the college and consisted of: Student cohorts of recent HS graduates 4-5 week interventions (64 -100 hours) Accelerated instruction in developmental math, English, and/or reading Academic and social supports “College knowledge” component Student stipend of up to $400 for completers. Programs in the DSB Study

10. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER 2009 DSB Students

11. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER About the instruction Subject of study 3 colleges offered math only At 5 colleges, students studied math, English, or both. Taught by regular college faculty. Curriculum generally based on existing developmental education. Some classes were “leveled;” others were not.

12. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Student Support

13. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER College Knowledge 3 offered abbreviated student success courses 4 offered presentations Mentors and tutors played a role Topics addressed: College applications and financial aid Help seeking in college Managing stress Understanding college culture.

14. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Texas Developmental Summer Bridge programs: Did not impact college enrollment or persistence (measured by cumulative semesters enrolled). Did not impact credits earned over 2 years. Accelerated students’ initial progress through college-level math and writing in the first year. Impact Findings

15. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER *** ** *** Students passing college-level math 5.9 32.3 7.4 10.7 9.4 42.6 3.5 35.6 5.7 36.9 43.0 46.5 22.8 28.2

16. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Students passing college level writing 4.1* 71.7 32.9 28.8 63.2 58.2 64.8 69.0 59.6 64.5 68.3 3.3 4.5* 5.3** 5.0*

17. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Total costs ranged from $62,633 to $296,033 per site. Average costs ranged from $440 to $1,949 per student (w/o stipend). The average per student cost across all eight sites was $919. Summary of 2009 Program Costs

18. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Well designed bridge courses are a lot of work, expensive, and hard to make appealing to students. Bridge courses can increase students’ preparation for college math and English courses. Thoughts on summer bridge courses

19. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER College Prep Algebra Lone Star College and Aldine Independent School District (TX) Course offered to seniors who placed low on placement test Curriculum followed college’s deved math High school offered; college supported Alternatives…..

20. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Housed at Teachers College, Columbia University, CCRC is the leading independent authority on the nation’s nearly 1200 two-year colleges. CCRC strategically assesses the problems and performance of community colleges in order to contribute to the development of practice and policy that expands access to higher education and promotes success for all students. Community College Research Center

21. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Early college readiness assessments: Assessments administered no later than the 11th grade that measure students’ readiness to successfully perform entry-level, credit-bearing postsecondary work. Transition curricula: Courses, learning modules, or online tutorials developed jointly by secondary and postsecondary faculty and offered no later than 12th grade to students at risk of being placed into remedial math or English in college. Reshaping the College Transition

22. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Value of early college readiness assessments Theory: Knowledge is power. Students and schools can take action to help students become college ready by graduation. Evidence: Participation in California’s early assessment (EAP) reduced students’ probability of taking remedial courses in college by 6.1 percent in English and by 4.3 percent in math. Howell, Kurlaender, and Grodsky (2010)

23. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Value of transition courses Theory: A full year course in math or English can be offered to students in the 12 th grade… At no extra cost…. That offers high school credit…. And meets colleges’ criteria for college readiness. Evidence: No rigorous research found but promising local results.

24. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER 50 state scan (done) Which states are offering? Are they local or statewide? In math or English? Policy report focusing on four states—NY, CA, WV, TN (done) What is the design and policy context of early college readiness assessments and transition curricula in 4 states? Implementation report– same four states (winter 2015) What do the transition courses look like in practice? Report on student outcomes– Only NY and WV (summer 2015) How effective are transition curricula in preparing students for college? RCT Research agenda

25. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER 50-state scan (Barnett et al, 2013)

26. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Transition Course Models Full year course in math or English (CA, TN, TX, VA, WV) Enhanced course, incorporating college knowledge (NY) Blended course model in math (TN) Research in four states (CA, NY, TN, WV) Earlier research in two states (VA, TX)

27. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER New York At Home in College (AHC): Early assessment: Regents exams Transition courses in English and math, with College Knowledge component 62 participating high schools (1,903 students) Designed and administered by CUNY’s Collaborative Programs; there are plans to scale up statewide.

28. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER West Virginia Transition Courses Early assessment: WESTEST 2 Transition Math for seniors who did not meet mastery cut score in math English 12 CR for seniors who met mastery or are in a middle range Students take the COMPASS at the conclusion of the course. Mandated by legislation; advanced by the SREB.

29. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Tennessee Bridge Math and SAILS: Early assessment: ACT in 11 th grade Transition course-- Bridge Math for students Emerging model– SAILS Community college led 5 online math modules Students place out of college deved; some take dual credit math Governor provides funding.

30. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER California EAP Program Early assessment (EAP): augmented state accountability test English transition course-- Expository Reading and Writing Course (ERWC) Math transition courses– Local models such as the Sierra College EAP course. EAP and ERWC designed and overseen by CSU.

31. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER SREB Readiness Courses Math Ready Literacy Ready Developed by K-12 and higher education experts Available at no cost. For more information, contact Megan Root megan.root@sreb.org

32. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER February2014 Creating transition curricula based on research and experience Design Choices and Trade-offs

33. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER WHAT WAS A KEY DECISION THAT YOU GRAPPLED WITH IN DESIGNING YOUR PROGRAM?

34. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER PARTNERSHIP ROLES PARTNERSHIP OPTIONS The HS or college implements/ the other helps The college develops the intervention/ the HS implements The HS and college co-own and implement the intervention CONSIDERATIONS Who stands to gain Who has resources to support Who is the champion. PARTNERSHIP OPTIONS The HS or college implements/ the other helps The college develops the intervention/ the HS implements The HS and college co-own and implement the intervention CONSIDERATIONS Who stands to gain Who has resources to support Who is the champion.

35. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER EARLY COLLEGE READINESS ASSESSMENTS TYPE OF ASSESSMENT Existing/modified 11 th grade state assessment College placement test CONSIDERATIONS Ease/cost of administration How the results will be used TYPE OF ASSESSMENT Existing/modified 11 th grade state assessment College placement test CONSIDERATIONS Ease/cost of administration How the results will be used WHO IS ASSESSED All 11 th graders All 12 th graders Students who are applying to participate in a College Readiness Now program CONSIDERATIONS Access to resources How the results will be used WHO IS ASSESSED All 11 th graders All 12 th graders Students who are applying to participate in a College Readiness Now program CONSIDERATIONS Access to resources How the results will be used

36. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER TRANSITION CURRICULA FORMAT OPTIONS Course (11 th or 12 th grade) Summer bridge Non-schoolday sessions Independent study CONSIDERATIONS Time on task Resources scalability Targeted students Student support FORMAT OPTIONS Course (11 th or 12 th grade) Summer bridge Non-schoolday sessions Independent study CONSIDERATIONS Time on task Resources scalability Targeted students Student support CONTENT OPTIONS Math English College knowledge College ready skills [Deved focused vs. college ready] CONSIDERATIONS Goals of the initiative CONTENT OPTIONS Math English College knowledge College ready skills [Deved focused vs. college ready] CONSIDERATIONS Goals of the initiative

37. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER TRANSITION CURRICULA TARGETED STUDENT OPTIONS “Bubble students” Students not college-ready College-intending students CONSIDERATIONS Program format Priorities TARGETED STUDENT OPTIONS “Bubble students” Students not college-ready College-intending students CONSIDERATIONS Program format Priorities SCALE OPTIONS Pilot test A sub-set of eligible students All eligible students CONSIDERATIONS Cost effectiveness Resources Priorities SCALE OPTIONS Pilot test A sub-set of eligible students All eligible students CONSIDERATIONS Cost effectiveness Resources Priorities

38. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER Roles and responsibilities of college and high school Assessment Type of assessment (e.g. PARRC) All students vs. potential admits to the program Timing of assessment Transition curricula Program format (course, summer bridge, out of school program, independent study) Program content (Math and English (college/deved version, CCSS, other), Other aspects of college readiness (definitions vary), College knowledge (also exposure to college) Program length Program management Program location Faculty Students to target (Seniors vs. others, Bubble students vs. those below cut score, Any or those with college plans) Incentives to student participation (HS or college credit, later cost savings, intrinsic value) Mechanism by which students place into college level courses (course grade, assessment) Teacher support and PD Pilot vs. at scale Design choices working list

39. February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER February 2014 COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER ELISABETH BARNETT, barnett@tc.edubarnett@tc.edu Please visit us on the web at http://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu where you can download presentations, reports, and briefs, and sign-up for news announcements. We’re also on Facebook and Twitter. Community College Research Center Institute on Education and the Economy, Teachers College, Columbia University 525 West 120th Street, Box 174, New York, NY 10027 E-mail: ccrc@columbia.edu Telephone: 212.678.3091 For more information