1. Responsible Conduct of Research: BMS 644 Dr. Sasha Zill email: zill@marshall.edu fastest response: sensillum@aol.com phone: 696-7384 office: MEB 216

2. Goal: train students in the practice of scientific investigation with integrity. The responsible conduct of research involves the awareness and application of established professional norms and ethical principles in the performance of all activities related to scientific research. COURSE OBJECTIVES

3. “Science and everyday life cannot and should not be separated. Rosalind Franklin, in a letter to her father, summer 1940. My View: Ethical behavior cannot be taught by lecturing but only by action and interaction. Students effectively learn what is good scientific conduct in the lab by doing research and seeing how other scientists act. MY VIEW: ETHICS IS ACTION This course allows you to interact with a number of excellent scientists to learn how they do science.

4. Classes BMS 644 is a team-taught, 1 credit hour course. Classes will be held from 12:00 noon to 1 pm on Thursday in Room 102 at the Byrd Biotechnology Science Center (BBSC). Attendance is required for all class sessions. COURSE ORGANIZATION

5. COURSE REQUIREMENTS/GRADES Completion of the course is required for all BMS graduate students. Grades (Credit/No credit) are based upon attendance, completion of reading and writing assignments and class participation. A STUDENT WHO MISSES MORE THAN TWO SESSIONS SHOULD NOT EXPECT TO PASS THE COURSE

6. Class Policies University policies can be viewed at http://www.marshall.edu/president/board/policies.html. Academic Dishonesty Academic dishonesty will not be tolerated. Policy AA-12 defines academic dishonesty and describes the sanctions associated with it. Inclement Weather Policy GA-9 describes the policy on weather-related and/or emergency closings and delays. As this is an afternoon class, we will not be affected by delays. To find out if the University is closed, call Audix at 696-6245. Students with Disabilities Policy Students with disabilities are required to prepare a notice from either the Help Center, Myers hall, or Sandra Clements, PH 117, before a special accommodation can be honored. The link describing this policy is http://www.marshall.edu/disabled. University Computing Services Acceptable Use Policy MUBOG Policy IT-1 explains this policy: http://www.marshall.edu/president/board/policies.html UNIVERSITY POLICIES IN SYLLABUS

7. Required Textbook On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition (2009), by the Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (Available free on-line at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12192) Readings Individual faculty can assign readings. These assignments should be completed before class.

8. Required Reading: On Being a Scientist Obligations of Researcher Advising and Mentoring The Treatment of Data Mistakes and Negligence Research Misconduct Responding to Suspected Violations of Professional Standards Human Participants and Animal Subjects in Research Laboratory Safety in Research Sharing of Research Results Authorship and the Allocation of Credit Intellectual Property Competing Interests, Commitments, and Values The Researcher in Society

9. Understand: 1. The Marshall University Policy on Integrity in Scientific Research 2. Research involving human subjects and live vertebrate animals 3. Conflict of interest: personal, professional and financial 4. Peer review 5. Mentor/mentee responsibilities and relationships 6. The scientist as a responsible member of society, ethical issues in research, and the environmental and societal impacts of scientific research 7. Responsible authorship and publication, e.g. copyright issues concerning insertion of published articles as part of dissertation 8. Collaborative research, including that with other scientists and with industry 9. Data acquisition and laboratory tools: management, sharing and ownership 10. Research misconduct and policies for handling misconduct PARALLELS SPECIFIC GOALS OF COURSE

10. Jan 15 Overview of responsible conduct of research Dr. Sasha Zill Jan 22 Research on human subjects and live vertebrate animals Dr. Elaine Hardman Jan 29 Peer review Dr. Elaine Hardman Feb 5 Conflict of interest Dr. Tracy LeGrow Feb 12 Mentor/mentee relationships Dr. Larry Grover Feb 19 Responsible authorship and publication Dr. Maria Serrat Feb 26 Scientist as a responsible member of society Dr. Todd Green Mar 5 Collaborative research Dr. Vincent Sollars Mar 12Research misconduct and policies Dr. Emine C. Koc Mar 26Data acquisition and tools: ownership Dr. Jung Han Kim LECTURE SCHEDULE: TOPICS FOLLOW GOALS Lectures are interesting and informative; useful information provided by excellent and experienced scientists

11. On-line Resources The NIH Office of Research Integrity (ORI) has a website with a number of valuable resources. The main web page includes links to Misconduct Case Summaries, Actions taken by the NIH in Cases of Misconduct, a Newsletter about Research Integrity and Comments on Social Media. The link to the ORI main page is http://www.ori.dhhs.gov/

12. Very practical reason: - Science builds on itself. Your discovery of today forms the basis for your experiments tomorrow. - If your data are inaccurate or your conclusion are false, you jeopardize your future experiments. - If you are ethical and your conclusions are wrong, just do the experiments, say that you were wrong, publish a correction and apply for another grant. WHY BE ETHICAL IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH?

13. ROSALIND FRANKLIN AND DISCOVERY OF THE STRUCTURE OF DNA - Historically important case: related to 1) Sharing of research data; 2) Collaboration; 3) Mentoring; 4) Publication and Authorship - Nobel prize winners can have ethical problems

14. ROSALIND FRANKLIN ARTICLE Reading: Maddox B (2003) The double helix and the wronged heroine. Nature 421:407-408 (2003)

15. 1940's - 1950's WORK ON STRUCTURE OF DNA - genetics recognized that characteristics are inherited - material for inherited characteristics is located in nucleus; not clear if DNA or protein - composition of DNA identified - chemical composition remarkably simple: A, G, T, C - rules: A - how does this encode inherited characteristics? - Watson and Crick -Structure of DNA held key to how information is encoded - Developing models of DNA; Linus Pauling - developed model of 3 stranded DNA;Watson and Crick - working on their own model. ROSALIND FRANKLIN: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

16. ROSALIND FRANKLIN: 1920-1958 - British physical chemist - her data key in determining the structure of DNA - born to affluent British Jewish family - studied chemistry in Cambridge University - trained in X-ray crystallography in CNRS in Paris - did seminal work on structure of carbon molecules (coal)

17. ROSALIND FRANKLIN: 1920-2958 - January 1951 began worked at King's College, London in MRC Biophysics unit under John Randall - assigned ('inherited') problem of structure of DNA; Maurice Wilkins had worked on this problem; Franklin also assigned graduate student Raymond Gosling. - Franklin made a number of decisive technical advances: she changed hydration of DNA and developed techniques for high resolution crystallography - Franklin obtained images that unequivocally demonstrated that DNA had a helical structure photograph 51

18. X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY - pattern of diffraction reflects structure of crystal - can reproduce Franklin's pattern for DNA with light diffraction by helical spring

19. ROSALIND FRANKLIN'S PHOTO OF DNA - January 1953 - James Watson visited King's college; Maurice Wilkins showed him the x-ray crystallagraphic image of DNA structure without Franklin's knowledge - April 1953 - Watson and Crick publish model of helical structure of DNA without mention of Franklin's work - 1962 - Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine awarded to Watson, Crick and Wilkins Maurice Wilkins photograph 51

20. "We were not aware of the results (Franklin's finding) when we devised our structure" WATSON AND CRICK DENY HAVING SEEN FRANKLIN'S RESULTS

21. ROSALIND FRANKLIN: 1920-1958 - Franklin leaves King's College and moves to Birkbeck College, University of London - does pioneering work on structure of RNA viruses (tobacco mosaic virus) - Franklin gets ovarian cancer and dies in April 1958 with no recognition of her contribution to DNA structure

22. ROSALIND FRANKLIN Think about: Did Watson and Crick behave ethically in not acknowledging the contribution of Rosalind Franklin to the discovery of the helical structure of DNA?

23. Background articles for reference: Primary papers 1) Watson J and Crick F (1953) Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature 2) Franklin RD and Gosling RG - Molecular configuration in sodium thymonucleate. Nature (1953) ROSALIND FRANKLIN ON-LINE REFERENCE LIBRARY Website: http://www.zillanatomy.com/franklin.htm

24. Videos 1. Great Minds https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiME-W58KpU 2. James Watson Video of Critique of Rosalind Franklin: Rosalind Franklin Couldn't Deal With People https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBWPzdyyPic 3. DNA - Episode 1 of 5: The Secret of Life - PBS Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7ET4bbkTm0 4. Nobel Prize Winner Is Broke Because He's An Asshole https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGer1HTYU0s ROSALIND FRANKLIN ON-LINE REFERENCE LIBRARY