1. The Rise of Industrial America 1865-1900 American Economy became Huge and Powerful Why? 1. Natural Resources 2. Cheap Labor Supply 3. Capital (Money for Investment) 4. New Technologies 5. Business friendly govt. policies

2. Railroads Increased by 5 times from 1865-1900 Federal Govt. gave Land Grants 170 _______ acres Led to corruption between government and railroad companies.

3. Industrial Empires in US Second Industrial Revolution during and after The Civil War Heavy Industries Railroads Steel Oil Telegraph

4. Economic Theories of The Industrialists Govt. should “Let Alone” the economy (Laissez Faire Capitalism) Social Darwinism (The fittest became the most wealthy) Gospel of Wealth (God favored those who became wealthy, but They should be generous and give wealth to needy)

5. New Business Practices Bessemer Process makes strong light steel Use of Electrical Power Mass Marketing Vertical Integration Horizontal Integration

6. Impact of Industrialization Concentration of wealth The Richest 10% of Americans now owned _____% of the nations wealth Rags to Riches stories were very rare Middle class (educated/salaried) workers was expanding. Women entered the workforce (retail)

7. The Struggle of Industrial Labor Workers were grossly mistreated Difficult to organize labor against Big Business Business Owners would Lockout Blacklist Sign Agreement Not to join a union Call in private armies to put down strikes

8. Organizing Unions Knights of Labor American Federation of Labor (AFofL)