1. HUMAN systems: settlement patterns

2. What are settlement patterns?
The arrangement of where people live on earth or in a country and the factors that influence this arrangement

3. Canada’s settlement patterns
Settlement patterns in Canada vary enormously-from large cities, to farming areas, to vast areas where very few people live

4. what is population distribution?
It is a pattern showing where people live in an area

5. Canada’s Population distribution
Canada’s population is not evenly dispersed throughout the country
More than 90% of people live within 600km of the U.S border, the remaining 10% are spread sporadically throughout the rest of Canada

6. 3 Types of population distribution
A) Dispersed Distribution-found in areas that have strong agricultural base
B) Clustered Distribution-occur in areas where resources are focused in small areas
C) Linear Distribution- such population patterns develop in area where the most important economic reasons for settlement exist in lines

7. Dispersed: Sanna, Scotland

8. Concentrated: shanghai, china

9. Linear: Champlain, Québec, canada

10. Linear: red hill peninsula, hong kong

11. Group discussion
What are some advantages of concentrated, dispersed, and linear
population distribution?
What are some disadvantages?
What factors may affect this distribution?

12. Population density Definition: Population density is the mathematical
calculation of how many people live in a square kilometer
of land (people/km2).
Population density is higher in urban areas than it is in
rural areas

13. Canada’s population density

14. Canada’s population density

15. Europe’s population density

16. Asia’s population density

17. Population density: China vs. Canada

18. Canada’s settlement patterns: rural + urban
Settlement in Canada can be divided into two major categories: 1) Rural Settlement: Outside of towns and cities where population density is low and the settlement pattern is dispersed 2) Urban Settlement: Within Towns and Cities where population density is high and the settlement pattern is concentrated

19. URBAN OR RURAL?

20. Urban or rural?

21. Rural settlement patterns
Rural Settlements are characterized by:
-Low Population Density
-Dispersed Population Distribution
Most of Canada’s Rural Residents live in only two ecozones:
Mixedwood Plain
Prairie

23. Patterns of rural settlement
Patterns of Rural Settlement are affected by 3 key factors:
Kind of resources found in the area
Transportation methods available at time of settlement
Role played by governmental policy

24. Governmental Policy
In some areas, settlement occurred with little to no government input
In others, the government carefully planned how, where, and when settlement would occur

25. Survey System
Survey System: Set of rules controlling how, where, and when settlement would occur.
Government controlled things such as:
The land that would be settled
The size and shape of farms
The patterns of roads that would be built
The location of town sites, schools and churches

26. The long lots of southern Quebec
The combination of the these three factors have led to three distinct settlement patterns in Canada
The long lots of southern Quebec
The concession system of southern Ontario
The section system of the Prairies

27. Long Lots of southern Québec
Area settled long before development of railways, roads, and survey system
Long, thin farms built along St. Lawrence River and its tributaries
After all river lots taken, a second, third, and fourth row of long lots were settled

28. DID YOU KNOW?
In early Quebec, taxes were based on the amount of river frontage, so it was desirable to have as narrow a lot as possible Can you think of any disadvantages to this?

29. Concession system of ontario
Settled after a survey system was in place
Strips of land, called concessions, were divided up in a grid. Properties tended to be rectangular
Concession roads were built parallel to waterway, and side roads were perpendicular
Each concession was divided into farms, called lots
Groupings of concession blocks were called townships and groups of townships were called counties

31. Section system of the southern prairies
• Huge, square farms, with farmhouses scattered far and wide
• Land divided into 36
sections and each
section divided into 4
quadrants
• A family would get
one quadrant –
approx. 64ha in size

32. Scattered settlements
Resource based settlements
2. Service based settlements

33. Resource based settlements
Settlement created as a result of a resource
Includes: forestry, agriculture, commercial fishing, mining/energy production, and recreation
Very important in the following ecozones: Atlantic Maritime, Boreal Shield, Boreal Plains, Montane Cordillera, and Pacific Maritime

34. Service based settlements
Some people settled in isolated areas because they can earn a living by providing services to residents and to travelers passing through.
Often these settlements would be scattered along major roads.
Often based on transportation ex. people who live along the Trans-Canada Highway in Northern Ontario
Can include gas stations, motels, post office and restaurants