1. 3.4 The Phoenicians

2. The Phoenician People
The Phoenician civilization began on the border of the Fertile Crescent
On the coast of the Mediterranean Sea
It was made up of city- states like Sumer

3. The Phoenician People The Phoenician People Sailors
Traded goods all around the Mediterranean Sea
Dominated trade in the region

4. The Phoenician People The Phoenician People Origins
Developed in Canaan
Frequently Egypt ruled Canaan
When Egyptian rule ended around 1150 BC Phoenician city-states emerged
City-states were ruled by priest-kings and leading merchant families or an assembly

5. The Phoenician People The Phoenician People Farming and Manufacturing
The Lebanon Mountains meant there was little flat land for farming
Phoenicians were famous for making purple cloth
The dye was made from snails
It was a very highly sought trade item
They also made pottery, glass and metal objects
Used the trees from the mountains to make wood objects like furniture

6. The Phoenician People
Phoenician Traders traded with others to get the natural resources they didn’t have
Imported many items like:
Gold
Silver
Tin
Copper
Iron
Ivory
Precious stones

7. The Phoenician People The Phoenician People Phoenician Traders
Manufactured these items into other goods to export like:
Bronze and silver bowls
Iron tools and weapons
Gold jewelry

8. The Phoenician People The Phoenician People Phoenician Traders
Also exported some of their own natural resources like:
Pine and cedar logs
Wine
Olive oil
Salt
fish

9. The Phoenician People Phoenicians and the Sea Location was the key
Close to Africa, and Europe
At the end of the Asian land trade routes
Mediterranean people depended on the Phoenician traders

10. The Phoenician People Phoenicians and the Sea Navigation
Became expert navigators
Sailors knew the trade winds and sea currents
1st people to use the North Star for navigation
Used the North Star to determine location
How does this relate to Latitude?

11. The Phoenician People Phoenicians and the Sea Navigation
Became expert navigators
Sailors knew the trade winds and sea currents
1st people to use the North Star for navigation
Used the North Star to determine location
How does this relate to Latitude?

12. The Phoenician People Phoenicians and the Sea Navigation
Exploring Unknown Waters
Sailed west along North Africa
And along southern Europe
Made it all the way to Iberia (Spain and Portugal today)
Passing Iberia put them into the Atlantic Ocean
Britain to the north
West Africa to the south

13. The Phoenician People Phoenicians and the Sea Navigation
Why did they do this?
Obtained metals like silver for cheap
Traded it to Greece and Asia for a huge profit

14. The Phoenician People Phoenicians and the Sea Colonies and City-states
Many places along the Mediterranean coast were good for harbors
Some of these had fertile lands nearby
Phoenician farmers began to settle in these spots
These became colonies
When Phoenicia was attacked by the Assyrians many Phoenicians migrated to the colonies

15. The Phoenician People Phoenicians and the Sea Colonies and City-states
Some of these colonies became powerful city- states
One, Carthage would battle Rome for supremacy of the Mediterranean
Rome would win and completely destroy Carthage

16. The Phoenician People Legacy of the Phoenicians
The Greeks and the Romans absorbed some of the Phoenician ways
This is cultural diffusion
Spread of Culture
Because the Phoenicians traded all over the Mediterranean they also spread their ideas, beliefs, ways of dress, technology, etc CULTURE
They also spread the culture of other peoples
When the Phoenicians disappeared some of their ideas stayed
Greeks used their weights and measures
The Greek culture then spread to other places

17. The Phoenician People Legacy of the Phoenicians The Alphabet
The #1 legacy of the Phoenicians
Replaced cuneiform
22 symbols – each for a consonant sound
Much easier to remember than hundreds of symbols (Chinese has over 5000)
If you traded with the Phoenicians you had to learn the system
Greeks later added the vowels
Around 100BC the Romans adopted the system – this is basically our alphabet today