1. Marine Ecology البيئة البحرية
Prepared by:
Dr. Hanan M Mitwally
Associate professor
Marine Biology
Oceanography Department
Faculty of Science
University of Alexandria
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

2. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Objectives
Definition
What are the differences between marine Biology and marine Ecology?
Ecology and Complexity: organisms, populations and communities.
Importance of marine life.
Marine life forms.
Marine biology habitats.
Littoral zone.
Pelagic zone
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

3. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
What Are The Differences Between Marine Ecology And Marine Biology?
Use the
Adjacent figures
To answer the
above question.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

4. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Marine biology differs from marine ecology as: Marine Ecology is focused on how organisms interact with each other and environment.
Marine Biology is the study of the animal itself.
Tide pools with sea stars
and Sea anemones,California
A giant grouper.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

5. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
What is Marine Biology?
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

6. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Definition:
Marine biology:
is the scientific study of living organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water.
In biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land.
Each habitat has its own organisms.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

7. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Definition:
Marine Ecology
is the branch of ecology dealing with the interdependence of all organisms living in the ocean, in shallow coastal waters, and on the seashore.
The marine environment for all organisms consists of non-living, abiotic factors and living, biotic factors.
Biotic Factors
The biotic factors are the interactions among living organisms.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

8. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Abiotic
Factors
Dissolved
gases
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

9. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Activity 2 (Abiotic factors)
يطلب من الطلبة تقسيم العوامل الغير بيولوجية الى ثلاث مجاميع
الاولى تشمل العوامل الفيزيائية Physical
الثانية تشمل العوامل الكيميائيةChemical
الثالثة تشمل العوامل الجيولوجية Geological
يتم تقسيم الطلبة الى ثلاث مجاميع تبعا لاماكن جلوسهم.(هل هناك عوامل مشتركة؟)
مدة النشاط 5 دقائق
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

10. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Physical
Abiotic
Factors
Chemical
substratum
Dissolved
gases
geological
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

11. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Home Activity #2
Human consumption of seawater
Advantages and disadvantages of sea water human consumption
What Are the Nutrients in Sea Water?
List and enumerate. Mention one benefit for each.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

12. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Individual Organisms
Population
COMPLEXITY
Community
Ecosystems
Biosphere
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

13. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

14. What Are Marine Life Forms? Are they Plants? Are they Animals?
Are they Bacteria?
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

15. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

16. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Marine Bacteria
Zooplankton
Phytoplankton
Zoobenthos
Invertebrate
animals
Phyto-Benthos &Macro-algae
Nekton
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

17. Marine Biology Habitats
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

18. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

19. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
The Benthic Zone
Bottom substrate; often rich in detritus.
ُExtends from the seashore to the deepest parts of the sea.
Organisms that are living on bottom are Benthos.
Littoral zone starting from the shoreline at the spray region and moves to the intertidal region between the high and low water marks, and then out as far as the edge of the continental shelf.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

20. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Differentiate between near shore and
Off shore. An Assigment#3
Littoral Zone
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

21. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
The rocky shoreline
showing a clear line,
where high tide occurs.
Littoral zone at a beach..
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

22. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Supralittoral zone
Seawater penetrates these elevated
areas only during storms with high tides.
Exposure to air
Fresh water from rain.
Cold and heat.
Predation by land animals and seabirds.
Organisms must
adapted with
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

23. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Intertidal zone
It is the area that is exposed to air at
low tide and submerged at high tide.
This area can be
Steep rocky cliffs.
Sandy beaches.
or wetlands (e.g., vast mudflats).
The area can be:
Narrow strip, (Mediterranean sea) that have only a narrow tidal range.
Many meters of shoreline (Red Sea).
Low tide zone in California
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Barnacles &limpets in the intertidal zone

24. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Zonation of Intertidal zone
Marine biologists and others divide the intertidal region into three zones (low, middle, and high), based on the overall average exposure of the zone.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

25. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
A rock, seen at low tide,
exhibiting typical intertidal zonation.
Mussels in the intertidal zone in,
England.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

26. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Mediterranean sea is tide-less sea.
The level of tide at most Egyptian Mediterranean coasts
< 0.5m.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

27. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Red Sea
In general tide ranges between 0.6 m in the north, near the mouth of the Gulf of Suez and 0.9 m in the south near the Gulf of Aden.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

28. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
White Abalone
Nudibranchs
sea urchin
Sea lettuce
Mussel
Sculpin
Red sea star
Lined chiton
Crabs
Green algae
Some intertidal
organisms
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

29. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Subtidal Zone
The areas where sunlight reaches the ocean floor.
The water is never so deep as to take it out of the photic zone.
This results in high primary production and makes the subtidal zone the location of the majority of sea life.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

30. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
The word pelagic comes from
the Greek pélagos, = open sea.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

31. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Neritic zone:
It is extending from low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf.
Characters of Neritic zone:
Shallow depth ≈ 200 meters.
well-oxygenated water
Low water pressure.
Stable temperature and salinity levels.
High photosynthetic activities from phytoplankton and floating sargassum .
At the edge of the neritic zone, the continental shelves end rapidly descending to the deeper oceanic crust and the pelagic zone.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

32. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Oceanic zone
Any water in the sea that starts beyond the continental shelves.
offshore, high light levels, upper regions of water column
Conditions change with depth:
the pressure increases and there is less light.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

33. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Creatures of Neritic Zone:
A-Free floating creatures:
Microscopic phytoplankton
Zooplankton.
B- Nekton:
Fish and their larvae.
Small crustaceans.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

34. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Summary
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

35. Take Home Message Success Is An Energy Inside us God Supports It.
Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology