1. Components of Culture Culture region: Area within which a culture system prevails Culture trait: A single attribute of a culture Culture complex: - combo of culture traits

2. Singing about cultural traits to improve development: http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/mozambique704/

3. Japanese Culture Traits

4. Ecuadorian cultural traits Cuy: Guinea Pig, a delicacy Dress, bartering pigs for goods in the local market ©Valerie Morgan Mervine

5. Money is a culture trait: It is a nationalistic source of pride

6. Food as a cultural trait: Peter Menzelhttp://www.menzelphoto.com/

7. The Material World http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalance/material.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalance/material.html

8. Food from around the world: Peter Menzell Web cast and a week’s worth of food for a family in Kuwait http://www.npr.org/templates/story/st ory.php?storyId=5005952Menzelhttp://www.menzelphoto.com/

9. Components of Culture Culture system: – Culture complexes grouped together because they have culture traits in common Geographic regions: – Term preferred by many geographers instead of culture region Culture realm: – Most highly generalized regionalization of culture and geography

10. Culture System

11. The Cultural Landscape A distinctive cultural environment Composite of artificial features – Carl Sauer’s definition includes all identifiably human-induced changes in the natural landscape Sequent occupance – Cultural imprints of successive societies on a place, contributing to the cultural landscape

12. Sequent Occupance: Inca, other indigenous groups, (33) then Spanish. Presidential palace built on top of Inca stones used for foundation. Old City, Quito Spanish had Catholic cathedrals built, indigenous groups put in sign of sun, etc. important symbols to them. Cuenca, Ecuador

13. Cultural Landscape: Landscape of the dead Sacred space: Cemetery in Ecuador ©Valerie Morgan Mervine

14. Cultural Landscape Ancient statues at Jarkhot, Nepal

15. Norway and Nepal Landscapes

16. Canadian Cultural Landscapes

17. Cultural Hearths Sources of civilization First large clusters of human population Progress in farming techniques Exploitation of local resources Complex society = less subsistence time New ideas, innovations, and ideologies spread

18. Cultural Diffusion The spreading of culture Independent invention Expansion diffusion Relocation diffusion

19. Relocation Diffusion Acculturation: less technologically-advanced culture is modified by contact with a technologically-superior culture Transculturation: cultural “borrowing” when different cultures of (about) equal complexity and technology come into close contact Assimilation: adoption of cultural elements so complete that the two cultures become one

20. Transculturation: Cultural borrowing, Baseball diffuses http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2007/07/ghana_baseball.html http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2007/07/ghana_baseball.html

21. Relocation Diffusion but also transculturation! Girl Scouts are very popular in Japan too! Can you find the American girl? ©Valerie Morgan Mervine

22. Resources De Blij, Harm, J. (2007). Human Geography People, Place and Culture. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Domosh, Mona, Neumann, Roderic, Price, Patricia, & Jordan-Bychkov, 2010. The Human Mosaic, A Cultural Approach to Human Geography. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. Fellman, Jerome, D., Getis, Arthur, & Getis, Judith, 2008. Human Geography, Landscapes of Human Activities. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Pulsipher, Lydia Mihelic and Alex M. and Pulsipher, 2008. World Regional Geography, Global Patterns, Local Lives. W.H. Freeman and Company New York. Rubenstein, James M. (2008). An introduction to human geography The cultural landscape. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.