1. Ancient India EQ: How does geography influence the way people live?
Chapter 9, Lesson 1

2. Academic Vocabulary subcontinent monsoon language family raja Sanskrit
Vedas
caste
guru

3. Home Learning Chapter 9, Lesson 1 Monday: Questions #1-6
Wednesday: Questions #7-10
* Do not do #11.
Packet is DUE: Friday, February 27.
ALL QUESTIONS ARE DUE!

4. Himalaya mountains block off India from the rest of Asia—making India a subcontinent
Subcontinent: a large landmass that is smaller than a continent.
Mountains and Waterways
Himalayans: mountains in the northeast.
Ganges River and Indus River: their water comes from melting snow of Himalayas.
Geography of India

6. Climate Monsoons: seasonal winds
Winter: little moisture from the north.
Northern mountains block cold winds
Summer: Heavy rains from the southwest.
Water picked up from the Indian Ocean

7. Activity Complete the Indian Map Answer the following questions:
Which two rivers are found in northern India?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of having monsoons.
What might happen to India's farmers if the summer monsoons did not occur?

8. Indus River Valley Civilization
Flourished in Indus River valley from 2600 BC to 1900 BC.
Soil was rich to grow crops.
Indus people built cities
Great Cities:
Mohenjo-Daro
Harappa

9. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
More 35,000 residents
Planned cities
Highly skilled engineers and builders
Homes had wells, at least one indoor bathroom

10. What was life like? Temples and palaces were enclosed by walls
Most people were farmers lived in farming villages outside city
City residents: merchants, shopkeepers, artisans
People trade with Mesopotamia

11. Aryans Move into India
In 1900 B.C., people abandon their cities and villages in Indus valley.
Why?—Drought, Earthquakes?
Group called Aryans migrated to India.
Mixed with descendants of Indus Valley people.

13. Aryan Life
The Aryans did many things differently from the Indus Valley people. Write down each of these characteristics on each tab of your Four-Way Foldable.
Briefly explain how each characteristics applies to Aryan life.
AFTER YOU COMPLETE THE 4-WAY FOLDABLE:
When you are done you are going to answer the following question. Explain it giving examples. (1/2 page paragraph)
How did the Aryans change their way of life after they settled in India? Explain with plenty of examples.

14. The Aryans Indo-European people (language family) = Aryans
Lived in central Asia and migrated to India’s River Valley
Raised cattle—cows became sacred and not eaten

15. They lived in tribes= eventually kingdoms raja was Indian prince
Written Language = Sanskrit
Eventually wrote sacred books called Vedas

16. Ancient India Society: The Varna (Caste) System
Aryan society was organized into classes  caste system
Born into class
Must marry within caste, can only have friends within caste.

17. Caste System Brahmins: Priests Kashatriyas: warrior, rulers
(ran government)
Vaisyas: common people (farmers,
craftspeople, and merchants)
Sudras: unskilled workers, servants

18. Untouchables They were outside the caste system and below it.
They did jobs no one else wanted,
sweepers and disposers of dead bodies.

19. Activity: The Varnas Class Pyramid
Group: Assign a caste
Name of the caste and provide example of the member of your Caste
Explain why your caste was an important member of Indian society? (paragraph 5-6 sentences)
Illustrate: Draw your caste member
Narrative: On a separate paper.
Briefly narrate what your life was like as a member of your caste in 2 paragraphs.

20. Exit Slip What was family life like in Ancient India?
Explain in 5-6 sentence

21. THE END OF LESSON 1

23. Hinduism: The Religion of India
The Bhagavad Gita is the most important text for the religion and philosophy developed in Ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and Supreme Being who takes many forms.

24. Many Gods
Hinduism is polytheism
Considered all gods to be part of one universal god
They had gods for the creator, protector, and destroyer

25. Who do Hindus worship? – the major gods of the Hindu Pantheon
Brahma, the creator god

26. Vishnu, the protector god
Incarnates as ten avatars (descents) including:
Rama (featured in the Ramayana
Krishna (featured in the Mahabharata)
(Each shown with his consort, Sita and Radha, respectively)

27. Shiva, god of constructive destruction (the transformer)
Appears as Shiva Nataraj, lord of the dance of creation…
and with his wife, Parvati, and son Ganesha (the elephant headed remover of obstacles)

28. What about the goddesses? Devi – the feminine divine
Saraswati, goddess of wisdom, consort of Brahma

29. Lakshmi, goddess of good fortune, consort of Vishnu

30. Parvati, divine mother, wife of Shiva

31. Durga, protectress
Kali, destroyer of demons
Plus about 330 million other deities

32. All these deities are but Manifest forms (attributes
and functions) of the
impersonal Brahman

33. Hinduism Continued… Many Lives
Karma: the belief that the deeds (actions) of a person affect what he or she will be in the next life.
Reincarnation: the belief that each person has many lives
Animals have a supreme life force
Many Hindus don’t eat meat
as a result.

34. Many Paths to God
Faithfully carry out duties in life
Some believe by following their own path they can connect with their supreme God
Meditation / yoga

35. Buddhism and India’s Golden Age Lesson 3
Build on What You Know
Ahimsa = nonviolence
The Rise of Buddhism
Based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
Prince who gave up wealth and power to understand the meaning of life

36. The Buddha’s Life and Teachings
Priest predicted that Siddhartha Gautama be selfless, wandering holy man
At age 29, saw sickness, old age, poverty, and death for the first time in his life.
6 years of fasting / meditation

37. Four Noble Truths 1. People suffer because their minds are not at ease
2. That condition comes from wanting what one does not have
3. People can stop suffering by not wanting
4. People can stop wanting by following the eightfold path

38. Eightfold Path
They believe that the Eightfold Path can lead to nirvana

39. Buddhism Changes Dharma is collected teachings
After Buddha died, Buddhism divided into many branches

40. Asoka the Buddhist King
Lived a bloody life but tried to rule peacefully
Carved policies on peacefulness on rocks and pillars
Let people of other religions worship freely (tolerance)

41. Changes to Hinduism Language difference drove people away
Many people turn to Buddhism, which meant many people left Hinduism
Poets wrote poems in a language that people could understand, which led to people coming back to Hinduism

42. The Golden Age of Guptas
The Gupta Empire
Chandra Gupta II took India into the Golden Age

43. Art and Literature
Architecture and art flourished under Chandra Gupta II’s reign
Religious subjects were the basis for art
Kalidasa wrote love stories (most famous was about forgotten women and the royal family)

44. Mathematics, Science, and Metallurgy
Indian scholars invented the numeral system, symbol for zero, and the decimal system
Ayurvedic improves health by diet, exercise and other methods
Calculate the value of pi and discovered the amount of days in a year
Pillar was built of iron (didn’t rust)

45. Trade Spread Indian Culture
Traders and missionaries spread Indian culture in many parts of Asia
Gupta profited from foreign trade

46. The Legacy of India Lesson 4
India’s Religious Legacy
Yoga / meditation is very popular and shows that religious traditions are still alive

47. India’s Religious Legacy (cont.)
Hinduism and Buddhism Today
4 / 5 are Hindus
Asia, Europe, and parts of the west practice Buddhism (Hinduism = worldwide)

48. Hindu and Buddhist Influences
Gandhi uses ahimisa (nonviolence)
- Martin Luther King Jr. was influenced by him
Millions practice meditation

49. India’s Artistic Legacy
Art worldwide
Many Asian nations use plays from India
Indian art and architecture have helped shape other cultures
Religious art

50. The Legacy of Indian Mathematics
Numerals originated in India
Decimal also developed in India
Discover zero
Arab traders brought numerals; hence, Arabic numerals