1. World History Chapter 7 Lesson 2
Tokugawa Japan

2. Emperor
Shogun
Daimyo
Samurai (warriors)
Peasants
Artisans
Merchants

4. Justice (Gi)   
Bravery (Yuu)   
Benevolence (Jin)  

5. Politeness (Rei)  
Veracity (Makoto)
Honor (Meiyo)  

6. Loyalty (Chuugi)   

7. Japan Background
By end of 1400s, Japan’s centralized government (Shogun rule) was falling apart.
Fighting between the Daimyo (heads of noble families) who controlled vast areas of land and were fighting with one another.
Logo of the Shoguns

8. Different Diamyo

9. Japanese Unification Unification began late 16th century (1500s)
Three political figures:
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Oda Nabunaga

10. Oda Nobunaga Captures the royal capital, Kyoto and
centralizes power in the surrounding area which is the central area of Japan.

11. Toyotomi Hideyoshi Farmer turned military commander
Takes control and moves capital to Osaka
He persuades the majority of the daimyo to accept his authority as central leader.

13. Tokugawa Ieyasu Daimyo of Edo
Took control of Japan after Toyotomi’s death
Restores central power
Moves the capital to Edo
(modern day Tokyo)
“Great Peace” from 1598
to 1868

14. Europeans come to Japan
First Portuguese traders arrive 1543
Welcomed, traded openly
Weapons, tobacco, clocks and glasses from Europe

15. Europeans get kicked out
Next Jesuit Missionaries
At first converted many Daimyo
But, Jesuits destroyed shrines resulting in Hideyoshi prohibiting Christian activities in his land (1549)
Missionaries expelled
Traders also removed
Only 1 Dutch trading group remained w/ restrictions
16th Century Japanese Nanban screen showing the arrival of Jesuits in Japan Circa 1549

17. Tokugawa Rule Wanted to control the feudal system in Japan
Land was divided into 250 hans (domains), which were ruled by daimyo
Could be independent, but the shogun ruled by hostage system

18. Hostage system Each daimyo has 2 houses. 1 in Edo; 1 on their han
When daimyo isn’t in Edo, his family must stay there (like hostages) so the daimyo don’t rebel

19. Economic Changes Trade and Industry grew Cities grew
Edo +1 Million pop.
Banking grew, paper money became the standard
Merchant class grew
Taxes increased
Peasants suffered, some revolted
Coins from the Edo period

20. Social Changes Strict class distinctions Laws separating them
Emperor and imperial court
Warriors
Peasants/farmers
Artisans
Merchants
Eta (outcasts)
Laws separating them
No intermarriage
Eta skinning deer

21. Role of Women Restricted, especially in warrior class Rules:
Influenced by Confucianism
Rules:
Parents determined marriage
Men could divorce women who don’t fulfill their duties.
Men controlled property.
Were valued as mothers

22. Decline of Tokugawa Dynasty

23. Theater Kabuki No women performers
Emphasizes action, music and gestures

24. Art and Architecture
Need for homes in Edo caused nobles to compete for ‘best’ homes
Used gold foil to reflect light in dark castles
Also used height for defense
Hirosaki Castle

25. Cultural Changes Literature Ihara Saikaku Poetry Popular in cities
Lighthearted, for fun
Ihara Saikaku
“Five Women who Loved Love”
Poetry
More serious
Haiku (5,7,5; about nature)
Ex. Matsuo Basho

26. The most famous type of Japanese poem is called a haiku which came from poetry known as “aku renka” or just renga in which a group of people get together and write a collaborative poem.
The first stanza of ”renga” with a sound unit count is called hokku (発句). This stanza would be created by a special guest when present, and is considered a part of the greeting in a renga gathering.
It must include a kigo (季語, "seasonal word"), as well as a kireji (切字, "cutting word" - a break in the text, usually, but not always, at the end of a line).
The kigo usually references the season the renga was created in. Hokku, removed from the context of renga, eventually became the haiku poetry form.

27. Time of season/time of day are present (called a “kigo”)
Rules for Haiku
17 syllables in 3 lines of 5/7/5 with a break at end of 1st or 2nd line with a “cutting” word so each section could be read separately
An action occurs, usually an everyday, simple event that catches one’s attention
Time of season/time of day are present (called a “kigo”)
Descriptive- you should be able to see/hear/smell/taste/feel what happens

28. Furuike ya  kawazu tobikomu  mizu no oto - Basho Fu-ru (old) i-ke (pond) ya,  ka-wa-zu (frog) to-bi-ko-mu (jumping into)  mi-zu (water) no o-to (sound) 
An old silent pond... A frog jumps in….SPLASH !!!
Then.. Silence again.
An old silent pond... A frog jumps in
The sound of water

29. Winds bring petals of cherry
A mountain village under the piled-up snow the sound of water.- Masaoka Shiki
Night; and once again, while I wait for you, cold wind turns into rain. –Masaoka Shiki
The winds that blow - ask them, which leaf on the tree will be next to go –Takahama
From all directions
Winds bring petals of cherry
Into the blue lake
I kill an ant and realize my three children have been watching. –Kato
First autumn morning: the mirror I stare into shows my father's face –Kijo Murakami
On New Year's Day I long to meet my parents as they were before my birth.
-Soseki Natsume

30. Freeway overpass-- Blossoms in graffiti on fog-wrapped June mornings
Faceless, just numbered. Lone pixel in the bitmap- I, anonymous.
Glass balls and glowing lights. Dead tree in living room. Killed to honor birth.

31. waki (脇. ): The second stanza of a renga with a 7-7 sound unit count
waki (脇?): The second stanza of a renga with a 7-7 sound unit count. The person who helped to organize the gathering is honored with creating it.
daisan (第三?): The third stanza of a renga with a mora count. It must end with the -te form of a verb to allow the next poet greater freedom in creating the stanza.
hiraku (平句?): Refers to all verses other than the hokku, waki, daisan, and ageku.
ageku (挙句?): The last stanza of a renga. Care should be taken to wrap up the renga.

32. Beneath the cherry blossoms When the moon is full.
Another Japanese tradition takes some else’s entire haiku of 3 lines and you add 2 more lines of 7/7 to make a new haiku called a haikai.
As was referenced earlier, groups of people would get together and write renga poems; the first person would do 3 lines of 5/7/5 then someone else would add to it with 7/7; then a 3rd would do 5/7/5 etc… with the only other rule being that whatever you added had to link your words to what was already written .
Let’s try one now. Add two 7 syllable lines to one of these famous haiku:
When it is my time…..
Beneath the cherry blossoms
When the moon is full.
World History…bored
with PowerPoints on Japan
Will this ever end?

33. Your homework assignment due when you come into class next time is to write 2 complete, original haiku.
The subject of your first haiku is to be a young child home from school on a snow day.
Your 2nd haiku can be on any subject you wish.