1. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 3 The Respiratory System

2. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Objectives Identify anatomy on diagrams and radiographs Describe the physiology of the respiratory system Explain how pathologies of the respiratory system affect the patient throughout their life Describe the various pathologic condition affecting the respiratory system and the radiographic manifestations Explain how a specific pathologic process will affect the technical factors that the technologist must consider

3. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Objectives—(cont.) Explain how various imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of pathology of the respiratory system helps in diagnosis

4. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Anatomy Review Trachea: Bronchi: Hilum:

5. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Anatomy Review—(cont.) Alveoli: Fissures: Pleural cavity:

6. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Physiology Purpose: Ventilation: Perfusion:

7. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pathology—Congenital Cystic fibrosis Respiratory distress syndrome

8. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Congenital Diseases Cystic fibrosis: Respiratory distress syndrome:

9. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cystic Fibrosis RDS

10. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pathology—Inflammatory Processes Lung abscesses Adult respiratory distress syndrome Asthma Atelectasis Bronchitis COPD Croup

11. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins More Inflammatory Processes Pleural effusion Pneumonia Respiratory syncytial virus Pneumoconiasis Pneumothorax Pulmonary edema Pulmonary emboli TB

12. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Inflammatory Processes Lung abscesses: Adult respiratory distress syndrome:

13. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Lung Abscess

14. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Asthma Types: Symptoms: Radiographic appearance:

15. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Atelectasis Definition: Types: Causes: Radiographic appearance:

16. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Atelectasis due to Cancer Obstruction

17. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Atelectasis due to Obstruction (ET Tube)

18. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Bronchitis Definition: Causes: Chronic bronchitis: Related to COPD?

19. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Bronchiectasis Definition: Congenital: Acquired: Diagnosed:

20. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins COPD Definition: Two processes:

21. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Emphysema Compensatory: Three types of centrilobular: Cause of above:

22. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Emphysema—(cont.) Radiographic appearance: Technical caveats:

23. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Emphysema—(cont.)

24. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Emphysema—(cont.)

25. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Emphysema—(cont.)

26. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Croup Definition: Why soft tissue neck radiograph: Radiographic appearance:

27. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Croup—(cont.)

28. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pleural Effusion Definition: Causes: Radiographic features: Radiographic positions:

29. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pleural Effusion—(cont.)

30. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pleural Effusion—(cont.)

31. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pneumonia Definition: Types and related causes: Radiographic features:

32. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pneumonia—(cont.)

33. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins RSV Definition: Characteristics: Radiographic findings:

34. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pneumoconiosis Types: Causes: Radiographic appearance:

35. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pneumothorax Definition: Images to take and why: Important radiographic finding:

36. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pneumothorax—(cont.)

37. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pneumothorax—(cont.)

38. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pulmonary Edema Definition: Causes: Symptoms: Radiographic features:

39. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pulmonary Emboli Definition: Risk factors: Sequence for diagnosis:

40. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Tuberculosis Cause and spread: Two types: Risk factors: Radiographic features:

41. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Tuberculosis—(cont.)

42. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins TB—(cont.)

43. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins TB with Cavity

44. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Lung Cavitation

45. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pathology—Neoplasms Benign: Malignant:

46. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Neoplasms Benign: Best seen by: Radiographic features:

47. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Hamartoma

48. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Bronchogenic Carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Definition: Characteristics:

49. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Bronchogenic Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Definition: Characteristics: Radiographic features:

50. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Bronchogenic Carcinoma Small Cell Carcinoma Definition: Characteristics: Radiographic features:

51. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Bronchogenic Carcinoma—(cont.)

52. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Metastatic Carcinoma Types: Characteristics: Radiographic appearance:

53. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pneumonic Metastatic Carcinoma

54. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nodular Metastatic Carcinoma

55. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Imaging Strategies Chest radiograph Computed tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Nuclear medicine

56. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chest Images