1. Chapter 43
Self-Concept

2. Self-Concept
Self-concept is an individual’s perception of self and is what helps make each individual unique.
Positive and negative self-assessments in the physical, emotional, intellectual, and functional dimensions change over time.
Self-concept affects the ability to function and greatly influences health status.
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3. Components of Self-Concept
Identity
Body image
Self-esteem
Role performance
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4. Interrelationship of Components of Self-Concept
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5. Components of Self-Concept
A sense of personal identity is what sets one person apart as a unique individual.
Identity includes a person’s name, gender, ethnic identity, family status, occupation, and roles.
One’s personal identity begins to develop during childhood and is constantly reinforced and modified throughout life.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

6. Components of Self-Concept
Body image is an attitude about one’s physical attributes and characteristics, appearance, and performance.
Body image is dynamic because any change in body structure or function, including the normal changes of growth and development, can affect it.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

7. Components of Self-Concept
Self-Ideal is the perception of behavior based on personal standards and self-expectations.
Self-ideal serves as an internal regulator to support self-respect and self-esteem.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

8. Components of Self-Concept
Self-esteem is the judgment of personal performance compared with the self-ideal.
Self-esteem is derived from a sense of giving and receiving love, and being respected by others.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

9. Components of Self-Concept
Role refers to a set of expected behaviors determined by familial, cultural, and social norms.
The level of self-esteem is dependent upon the self-perception of adequate role performance in these various social roles.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

10. Components of Self-Concept
Stressors Affecting Role Performance
Role overload
Role conflict
Whenever a person is unable to fulfill role responsibilities, self-concept is impaired.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

11. Development of Self-Concept
Self-concept evolves throughout life and depends to an extent on an individual’s developmental level.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

12. Development of Self-Concept
Childhood
A child’s sense of self is shaped by interactions with parents and siblings, through shared experiences with extended family members, and relationships with others.
Their sense of self changes as they move through each developmental stage.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

13. Development of Self-Concept
Adolescence
The numerous changes in physical, emotional, and psychosocial status during the adolescent years bring about rapid and often continuous changes in self-concept.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

14. Development of Self-Concept
Adulthood
The adult’s perception of self continues to develop and change as an individual progresses through the adult years.
Periods of relative stability may be interspersed with realizations of physical changes, as well as changes in roles and responsibilities.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

15. Factors Affecting Self-Concept
Altered Health Status
Developmental Transitions
Experience
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16. Assessment
Consider both the client’s developmental level and chronological age when assessing self-concept.
Determine the client’s perception of self-concept and the factors affecting it.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

17. Assessment
Assess the client’s strengths to be used as a foundation on which to build therapeutic interventions.
Maintain appropriate relationships
Care for self in order to meet basic needs
Adapt to stressors in a positive manner
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18. Nursing Diagnoses Disturbed Body Image Parental Role Conflict
Disturbed Personal Identity
Ineffective Role Performance
Chronic Low Self-Esteem
Situational Low Self-Esteem
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19. Nursing Diagnoses Disturbed Personal Identity Anxiety Social Isolation
Hopelessness
Powerlessness
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20. Outcome Identification and Planning
Outcome statements reflect specific behavior that is measurable and that has an appropriate time frame for evaluation.
The nurse and client develop mutually established objectives. This encourages the client to assume an active role in recovery.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

21. Implementation Initiate Therapeutic Interaction
Support Healthy Defense Mechanisms
Ensure Satisfaction of Needs
Physical needs
Psychosocial needs
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22. Implementation Promote positive self-esteem across the life span
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
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23. Evaluation
A client’s behavior and attitudes will reflect the degree of progress toward restoring an altered self-concept.
The nurse must reconsider the alignment of the client’s targeted self-concept with the plan of care to assess if the two are still congruent.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

24. Evaluation
Because self-concept is based on personal attitudes and feelings, it often requires months or even years to change.
Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.