1. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20051 Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach 7/e James M. Henslin Chapter Two: Culture James M. Henslin Chapter Two: Culture This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20052  Language, Beliefs, Values, Norms, Behavior Passed from One Generation to the Next  Material vs. Nonmaterial Cultures What is Culture?

3. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20053  What is Normal, Natural, or Usual?  The Culture Within Us  Culture as Lens  Culture Shock  Ethnocentrism Culture and Taken-for-Granted Orientations

4. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20054  Understanding Cultures on Their Own Terms  “Sick Cultures”  Confronting Contrasting Views of Reality Practicing Cultural Relativism

5. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20055  Gestures  Language Components of Symbolic Culture

6. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20056  Allows Human Experience to be Cumulative  Provides a Social or Shared Past  Provides a Social or Shared Future  Allows Shared Perspectives  Allows Complex, Shared, Goal-Directed Behavior Language and Culture

7. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20057  Language Has Embedded Within It Ways of Looking at the World  Sapir-Whorf Reverses Common Sense Language and Perception: Sapir-Whorf

8. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20058  Values—What is Desirable in Life  Norms—Expectations or Rules for Behavior  Sanctions—Reaction to Following or Breaking Norms  Positive Sanctions  Negative Sanctions Values, Norms, and Sanctions

9. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20059  Folkways—Norms not Strictly Enforced  Mores—Core Values: We Insist on Conformity Folkways and Mores

10. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200510  Subculture—A World Within the Dominant Culture  Countercultures—Groups With Norms and Values at Odds With the Dominant Culture Subcultures and Countercultures

11. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200511 Values in U.S. Society Achievement and Success ProgressEquality Individualism Material Comfort Racism and Group Superiority Activity and Work HumanitarianismEducation Efficiency and Practicality FreedomReligiosity Science and Technology Democracy Romantic Love

12. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200512  Achievement and Success  Individualism  Activity and Work  Efficiency and Practicality  Science and Technology Values in U.S. Society

13. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200513  Progress  Material Comfort  Humanitarianism  Freedom  Democracy Values in U.S. Society

14. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200514  Equality  Racism and Group Superiority  Education  Religiosity  Romantic Love Values in U.S. Society

15. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200515 Value Contradictions and Social Change “It is precisely at the point of value contradictions, then, that one can see a major force for social change in a society.”

16. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200516  Leisure  Self-fulfillment  Physical Fitness  Youthfulness  Concern for the Environment Emerging Values

17. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200517  Culture Wars: When Values Clash  Value as Blinders  “Ideal” vs. “Real” Culture Values and Culture

18. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200518  Some Activities are Universal—Courtship, Marriage, Funerals, Games, etc.  Specific Customs Associated with Activities Differ Between Groups Cultural Universals

19. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200519  Controversial View of Human Behavior  Biology Cause of Human Behavior  Charles Darwin and Natural Selection  Sociologists and Social Biologists on Opposite Sides Sociobiology

20. Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200520  The New Technology—New Tools  Cultural Lag and Cultural Change  Technology and Cultural Leveling Technology in the Global Village