1. Chapter 22, Lesson 1 Health risks of drug use
Illegal Drugs
Chapter 22, Lesson 1
Health risks of drug use

2. Illegal drug use can lead to death.
Substance Abuse
Substance abuse:
Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes
Illegal drugs:
Chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell
Illicit drug use:
The use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise is not permitted
Illegal drug use can lead to death.

3. Factors that influence Teens
Peer pressure
Family members
Role models
Media messages (TV, Radio, websites, movies, music)
Perceptions of drug behavior
Misleading information (beneficial? Ex: steroid use boosts sports performance)

4. How drugs affect your health
Physical Health
Overdose – strong, sometimes fatal reaction
Increased risk of disease – HIV, hepatitis B
Mental Health
Alters brain structure and function – Ecstasy
Impairs ability to reason and think
Lowers inhibitions – illegal or dangerous
Social Health
Loss of friendships and other relationships
Legal consequences (leading cause of crime, suicide, and unintentional injuries)

5. Other Effects of Drug Use
Reactions can occur from one time use or multiple uses…
Tolerance
Psychological dependence
Physiological dependence
Addiction – great difficulty stopping use
Illegal drugs are not regulated, so compounds and ingredients may be different in each batch made by manufacturer.

6. Individual Consequences of Drug Use
Reasoning is clouded – domino effect – one bad decision leads to another… examples?
Interests and goals unattained
Leading factor in teen depression and suicide
Increased violence, crime, accidental death
More likely to be arrested - jail

7. What about Friends/Family and others?
Drug use affects everyone in person’s life
Family feels burden of the emotional and financial costs
Spending time with friends is halted
Drugs passed from mother to developing fetus…born with birth defects, behavioral problems, or drug addiction
How would you feel losing a friend to drugs?

8. Consequences for Society
Causes harm to society (drug-related crime and violence)
DUI/DWI – collisions cause injuries/deaths
Affects Nation’s economy:
$180 billion/year
Lost work hours/productivity – drug-related illnesses, jail time, accidents, deaths
Health care costs and legal fees
Law enforcement costs/insurance costs

9. Chapter 22, Lesson 2 Marijuana, inhalants, and steroids
Illegal Drugs
Chapter 22, Lesson 2
Marijuana, inhalants, and steroids

10. Marijuana
Mind-altering and can damage user’s health; leads to risky behavior (“gateway drug”)
Influenced by mood and surroundings:
Hallucinations and paranoia
Impaired short-term memory, reaction time, concentration & coordination
Decreased initiative and ambition
Lung irritation – heart and lung damage
Weakened immunity to infection
Females=risk of infertility; Males=low sperm count & testosterone levels

11. Marijuana Physical consequences: Same health risks as tobacco smokers
Contains more cancer-causing chemicals than tobacco smoke (421 different chemicals)
Mental and Emotional consequences:
Raises levels of dopamine in brain (high then low)
Paranoia – irrational, suspicious or distrust
Very sleepy – driving?
Social consequences:
Injury/death to others if driving impaired
Legal prosecution; loss of privileges

12. Inhalants Substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled to give effect
(i.e. solvents, aerosols, glues, paints, varnishes, and gasoline = brain damage)
Depress central nervous system with effects:
Glassy stare, slurred speech, impaired judgment
Nausea, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of coordination
Extremely dangerous – labeled as poisons – work in well-ventilated room and wear a mask if long exposure is required

13. Steroid Use Anabolic-androgenic Steroids
synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones (anabolic = muscle building; androgenic = male characteristics)
Effects on males: - Effects on females:
Shrinking testicles - facial hair
Reduced sperm count - baldness
Baldness menstrual cycle changes
Development of breasts - deepened voice
Increased risk of prostate cancer

14. When used without medical supervision,
Steroid Use
When used without medical supervision,
illegal & dangerous!
Unnatural muscle growth
Weight gain, acne, high blood pressure, liver & kidney tumors
Violent behavior, mood swings, depression, paranoia
Injected increases risk of HIV, hepatitis B
Athletes face team/event expulsion, fines, tarnished reputation, jail time

15. Chapter22, Lesson 3 Psychoactive drugs
Illegal Drugs
Chapter22, Lesson 3
Psychoactive drugs

16. Effects of Psychoactive Drugs
Chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity to the brain
Four main groups:
stimulants, depressants, opiates, hallucinogens

17. Club Drugs, Stimulants, Depressants
Club Drug – “designer drugs” made to imitate other drugs; can be 700x stronger
Rohypnol – “roofies” – depressants (colorless, odorless, tasteless), slows CNS. Also called the “date rape” drug. Criminal offense to engage sexual activity with someone under the influence…
GHB (gamma hydroxybutyic acid) – depressant “date rape”
Never allow a stranger to handle your drink…

18. Stimulants Drugs that speed up the CNS – can lead to death
Methamphetamine “Meth” (street name)
LSD (acid)
Nicotine (found in tobacco products)
Caffeine (coffee, tea, soda, power drinks)
Cocaine – can cause malnutrition, cardiac problems
Crack – mixed with alcohol can be fatal
Amphetamines – highly addictive

19. Depressants
Drugs that slow the CNS – negative and sometimes deadly effects
Barbiturates – sedatives rarely used for medical purposes that used with alcohol can be fatal
Tranquilizers – relieves anxiety, muscle spasms, sleeplessness, and nervousness. When overused, could cause physiological and psychological dependence, coma, and death
Alcohol – commonly used; mixed with other drugs can be deadly

20. Hallucinogens
Serious mental/emotional and physical consequences; altering moods, thoughts, sense perceptions (vision, smell, hearing, touch); can last for hours or days – extremely unpredictable
Examples include:
Ecstasy – stimulant and hallucinogen causing short-term euphoria
PCP – “angel dust”; most dangerous
Mushrooms and Peyote – poisoning and death when harvest with toxic species

21. Opiates (Narcotics)
Derived from opium plant, obtainable only through prescription; used to relieve pain
Morphine
Codeine
Oxycodone – also known as “OxyContin”
Heroin

22. Chapter 22, Lesson 4 Living drug-free
Illegal Drugs
Chapter 22, Lesson 4
Living drug-free

23. Resisting Pressure…
“Everybody is NOT doing it!” – almost 62% of high school students have never tried marijuana and 90% have never tried cocaine.
Commit to be drug free – choose friends with same values; avoid places of availability
Refusal Skills – plan ahead, what will you say?
Healthy Alternatives – hobbies, sports, community activities, school organizations/clubs

24. Becoming Drug Free Recognize warning signs – page 614, Figure 22.15
Identify help in community
Talk to person when he/she is sober; express concern and care without being judgmental
Listen to response – be prepared for anger and denial
Offer support

25. Getting Help Outpatient drug-free treatment Short-term treatment
Maintenance therapy
Therapeutic communities
Behavioral change strategies through counseling; adjusting to life w/o drugs
Support groups – long-term support
Family support

26. What is the CNS and what is its function? Central Nervous System
Functions: brain and spinal cord receives impulses to/from nerves to body coordinating all body activities (breathing, digesting food, sensing pain, feeling fear; moving fingers, legs, speaking, swallowing, thinking, doing…)