1. Warm up 29
Write one paragraph (3-4 sentences) on how you would feel, being on a
ship for months or years, exploring ??

3. Warm up #30
True or False
1. Britain was first European country to trade slaves to the new world
2. More slaves were imported to Central and South America
3. Slavery was only used in the Americas
4. Slaves first arrived to N. America in 1600
False--Portugal
True—90% ended up in Central/South America
False—Most civilizations had slavery at some point
Myth: Most slaves were imported into what is now the United States Fact: Well over 90 percent of slaves from Africa were imported into the Caribbean and South America
Myth: Slavery played a marginal role in the history of the Americas Fact: African slaves were the only remedy for the labor shortages that plagued Europe's New World dominions. Fact: Slave labor made it profitable to mine for precious metal and to harvest sugar, indigo, and tobacco; slaves taught whites how to raise such crops as rice and indigo.
Myth: Europeans arrived in the New World in far larger numbers than did Africans. Fact: Before 1820, the number of Africans outstripped the combined total of European immigrants by a ratio of 3, 4, or 5 to 1.
Myth: The first slaves arrived in what is now the U.S. in 1619 Fact: Slaves arrived in Spanish Florida at least a century before 1619 and a recently uncovered census shows that blacks were present in Virginia before 1619.
False—Arrived in 1500s in Florida and Virginia

4. Spice Islands Trading before Renaissance Era
Muslims and Italian Merchants
Silk Road
Marco Polo
The most valued traded items were spices
Moluccas-Spice Islands (Indonesia)
Preserve Food
Season Food
Medicine
Perfumes
Europeans outside of Italy wanted
direct access to be more profitable in trade

5. Portugal Portugal starts sailing Prince Henry (Henry the Navigator)
First discovered
Madeira, Azores islands
North Africa
Mapped African coast
Wanted to find an easier way
around Africa to get to Asia
Gathered cartographers-
mapmakers and scientists
Redesigned ships, created
maps and trained captains for
long voyages
1460 Prince Henry dies
1488 Bartholomeu Dias rounds Africa
tip called Cape of Good Hope

6. da Gama Portugal continues Vasco da Gama 1497 voyage to India—4 ships
10 month trip to Calicut,
India
Lost half of ships on way
home, many sailors died
of hunger, thirst and
scurvy—lack of vitamin C
Still highly profitable
Rebuilt a fleet of ships and in
1502 de Gama forced Calicut’s
ruler to sign trade treaty
Soon Portugal seized key ports
around Indian Ocean and
created a trading empire

7. Columbus Christopher Columbus From Genoa, Italy
Wanted to reach East Indies (Indonesia)
by sailing west (across Atlantic)
Columbus knew the Earth was a sphere
But didn’t know how big Earth was and
large continents were in his way
Portugal refused to sponsor him
Spain’s Ferdinand and Isabella did sponsor
him as they were looking for wealth and
prestige
August 3, 1492 set sail with 3 ships
After many weeks, provisions were low
October 12, 1492 sees land and believes he
reaches the East Indies
Calls the people “Indians”
Receives heroes welcome upon return
Made 3 more voyages to “East Asia”
Soon other Europeans realize he found new
continents
Columbus

8. Columbus

9. New Continents 2 New Continents..Who owns them???
1493 Ferdinand and Isabella appeal to
the Pope to support their claim to the new
world
1494 Treaty of Tordesillas
Between Spain and Portugal
Line of Demarcation
Divided non-European land into 2
zones
Anything to the East belong to Portugal
Anything to the West belong to Spain
Other European countries…not happy
and see it as arrogance and start to build
their empires

10. Routes to Asia Naming the new world??
Amerigo Vespucci wrote a journal about his
voyage to Brazil. A cartographer used his
first name to name the map “Americas”
Still looking for a direct route to Asia
English , French and Dutch looked for the
Northwest Passage (Through Arctic Islands)
1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Spain) hacked
through Panama’s forest to see the Pacific
Ferdinand Magellan (Portugal)
5 ships set sail Sept 20, 1519 from Spain
Nov 1520 fought thru Strait of Magellan into
the Pacific (Peaceful) Ocean
Decided to sail to East Indies…didn’t know
how big Pacific was
March 1521 finally reached Philippines
Magellan is killed
Sept 1522, one ship and 18 sailors finally
make it back to Spain and were first to
Circumnavigate-sail around

11. Routes to Asia

12. Africa Africa Exploration Portuguese Established forts along coast
Did not explore interior
Lacked accurate maps
Little resources
Dutch
Cape Town, South Africa
Boers- Dutch farmers who settled in
South Africa
Calvinists
Believed they were superior to
Africans
Both British and French also established
forts in Africa during this time period

13. Slave Trade Slave Trade in Africa Rapidly increased 1500-1600s
Portuguese one of first to start trading
slaves
Many slaves sent to America to work
on plantations- large estates run by
an owner
African warlords took captives to
coastal cities where they were traded
for goods such as textiles, metals, rum
tobacco, weapons and gunpowder
Lasted for 300 years

14. Warm Up 31 List 2 positive and 2 negative impacts of
European Exploration

15. South/SE Asia South and Southeast Asia
Northern India under Mughal rule
Southern India (Patchwork of Princes)
Afonso de Albuquerque (Portugal)
Promised Indian Princes aid
against other Europeans
Established military and
commercial post on Goa
Also defeated Muslims for
control of Port of Malacca, 1511
Created outposts-distant areas
under their control to control the
Asia-Europe Spice Trade

16. Dutch East India Company
Dutch challenges Portuguese
1599 First cargo of spices comes to
Amsterdam
Trading ships and warships
building explodes
Set up colonies around the
world including Cape Town
Dutch East India Company
Established 1602
Completely sovereign-
independent from Dutch
government
Build armies, wage war,
negotiate treaties
1641 Captured Malacca from
Portuguese and control the
Spice Island trade

17. Spain/Mughal Spain Magellan claimed the Philippines for Spain in 1521
Named after King Philip II
Catholic missionaries
Had silver from Mexico and Peru
shipped to Philippines to buy goods
in China
Mughal India
At beginning of exploration, Mughal
dominated the spice trade
Permitted British, French, Dutch and
Portuguese trading rights, building
forts and warehouses
Mughal Empire weakens and falls apart
French and British fight for power
Both used sepoys- Indian troops, to fight
for power
Mid 1700s British wins control of India

18. China China Ming Dynasty limits European traders in China
Portuguese allowed trading post
in Macao
Missionaries in China had little
success
Qing Dynasty follows Ming
Dynasty and follow the same
closed-door policy
Korea
Known as the “Hermit Kingdom”
Closed-door policy
Fearful of invasions/wars

19. Japan Japan Welcomed Europeans in 1534 Printing Press and Firearms
Catholicism (missions) introduced
300,000 Christians at one time
Japanese leaders fearful that
Christians swore more
loyal to the Pope versus
Emperor
So, Tokugawas expelled
missionaries in Japan and
persecuted/killed Japanese
Christians
1638 Tokugawas banned European
traders from coming to Japan
Also banned Japanese ship
building to be more isolated
Isolated for 200 years

20. Warm up #32 Match up the Explorers
Dias A. First to circumnavigate the world
Da Gama B. First to see the Pacific
Columbus C. First to arrive in the New World (Caribbean)
Magellan D. Portuguese who mapped Africa coastline
Balboa E. First to Cape of Good Hope (Africa tip)
Prince Henry F. Portuguese who first sailed to Calicut, India
and brought back spices to Portugal