2. Father __________ Austrian monk who worked with ___________in monastery garden. Developed first theories on _________________. http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/nirenberg/images/photos/01_mendel_pu.jpg

3. Grow quickly Many _________________ ______________ so they have both _____ and ___________reproductive parts on the ______flower and can __________themselves. They are ___________meaning offspring will have same traits as parent. Can ___________so one plant can pollinate another plant to produce offspring. http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/Image215.gif

4. ____________________(features with different forms in a population) that are_________from ________ to _______. EX: Flower color or seed shape Studied one _________ at a _____ to determine which traits appeared in offspring. http://www.cfkeep.org/html/phpThumb.php?src=/uploads/peas_copy.gif&aoe=1&w=

5. _________ crossed true breeding plants for each ____________. Example: crossed purple flower plant & white flower plant. All offspring displayed the ___________ of one parent. In this case, all had purple flowers. White flowers seemed to _________. http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/images/10F1.gif

6. The trait that showed up most often in the offspring was the __________ trait. The trait that seemed to disappear or fade away was the _________trait. To determine what happened to the _______ trait, _________decided to do another set of __________. http://www.jbhs.k12.nf.ca/biology/photos/mvc-006f.jpg http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/Life/images/earlobes.jp g

7. Allowed the plants produced by his first experiment to ____________. All purple flowered plants self pollinated: ____% of offspring were purple flowered _____% of offspring were white flowered http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/images/10f2.gif

8. Recessive trait did not ________, it was _______ by the dominant trait as it showed up again in the _______generation. Each plant had ______ of instructions (one from each parent) for each characteristic. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Punnett_square_mendel_flowers.sv g/550px-Punnett_square_mendel_flowers.svg.png

9. ___________________is predetermined by genes. _____are passed on from parents. Some forms of genes are _______and others are ________. Organisms have 2 copies of each gene (one from each parent). ______(different forms for a gene) for different genes segregate independently of one another. (____________cross) http://www1.umn.edu/ships/updates/9mendels.gif

10. Different forms of a ______ EX: freckles or no freckles Dominant allele – expressed with an ____________letter. Recessive allele – expressed with a ___________letter. NOTE: The ______ letter is used to express an allele – variations are expressed with the upper or lower case. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/ 83/Punnett_square_(PSF).png

11. PHENOTYPE: __________characteristic – the characteristic that you can see. EX: Purple flowers GENOTYPE: The two ________ alleles for a trait. (Cannot be seen) EX: PP or Pp http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/images/25_environmental_variation.gif

12. _________ Dominant: Two dominant alleles PP or DD or BB __________Recessive: Two recessive alleles pp or dd or bb __________: One dominant and one recessive allele Pp or Dd or Bb http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/VetSci/Courses/PATB_4110/4-6/Class_Notes.htm

13. __________ all possible _______ combinations for offspring from particular parents. How to make a Punnett Square crossing a homozygous recessive white flowering pea plant with a heterozygous purple flowering pea plant.

14. ___________ Dominance: One allele is not completely dominant over the other allele. Each allele contributes to the phenotype produced. EX: Snapdragons (white and red produce pink) One gene may influence more than one trait. EX: in white tigers, one gene codes for fur color and eye color. Several genes may work together to produce a trait. EX: human skin, hair and eye color http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/incomdom.gif

15. Creates the ____________ It is a copying process that produces cells with ____ the number of chromosomes. Helped Walter Sutton determine genes are located on ____________ in the nucleus of the cell. Prior to this no one knew where the genetic traits (genes) were located. http://www2.merriam-webster.com/mw/art/med/meiosis.gif

16. Meiosis I Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I and Cytokinesis Meiosis II Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II and Cytokinesis

17. http://www.cps.ci.cambridge.ma.us/CRLS/LC_R/classrooms/AUGUSTINE/Genetics/index_files/frame.html#slide0025.html

18. __________chromosome s find each other and pair up (one chromosome from each parent ______________may occur Centrioles move toward the poles Nuclear membrane begins to dissolve http://www.sciencecases.org/mitosis_meiosis/images/meiosis_a.gif

19. Spindle fibers attach to homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator http://www.sciencecases.org/mitosis_meiosis/images/meiosis_b.gif

20. Homologous chromosomes are separated so each chromosome moves toward opposite poles. http://www.sciencecases.org/mitosis_meiosis/images/meiosis_c.gif

21. Homologous chromosomes are completely separated with one chromosome at each pole. Nuclear membrane re- forms Cytokinesis takes place and cell divides to form two cells. http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04 am/telophase1m.jpg

22. Centrioles move to poles Nuclear membrane dissolves NOTE: __________ ARE ______ COPIED AGAIN PRIOR TO PROPHASE II http://www.sciencecases.org/mitosis_meiosis/images/meiosis_e.gif

23. Spindle fibers form and attach to chromosomes Chromosomes line up at the equator. http://www.sciencecases.org/mitosis_meiosis/images/meiosis_f.gif

24. Chromosomes are pulled apart so each chromatid moves toward opposite poles. http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/anaphase2m.jpg

25. Chromatids reach the poles. Nuclear membrane re-forms Cytokinesis occurs http://www.sciencecases.org/mitosis_meiosis/images/meiosis_h.gif

26. _____ new cells Each cell has ½ the number of chromosomes as parent cell (__________ – N) New cells are _____ ________ to each other or to the parents as a result of crossing over.

27. Meiosis Sex cells Two divisions 4 genetically different cells produced Cells produced have half the number of chromosomes (haploid) 2n  n Somatic cells One division 2 genetically identical cells produced Cells produced have the same number of chromosomes as parents 2n  2n Mitosis

28. Chromosomes that carry the genes that determine sex. In humans: Females: two X chromosomes (XX) Males: one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY) Sex of offspring is determined by the ______: Egg fertilized by sperm with X chromosome = FEMALE Egg fertilized by sperm with Y chromosome = MALE http://howyoudoin.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/male_female_symbol.jpg

29. Males have an X and Y chromosome. The Y chromosome does not have all the genes found on the X chromosome, so they only have one copy of those genes on the X. If those genes are damaged, they do not have a backup while females do – they have two X chromosomes. Therefore, males are more likely to inherit these disorders. Examples: Color blindness Hemophilia http://www.nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ ency/images/ency/fullsize/9962.jpg http://member.principalhealthnews.com/Imagebank/Articles_images/Hemophilia_02.gif