Chapter 10 The Tools of Quality.

Name: Chapter 10 The Tools of Quality.
Uploaded: 2017-07-30T23:36:26+00:00
Duration: PTM17S5
Channel: Felicity Hawkins
Description: Chapter 10 The Tools of Quality.

Chapter 10 The Tools of Quality

Strategic Quality Planning The Tools of Quality Chapter 10
Improving the system Ishikawa’s basic seven tools of quality Seven new tools for improvement Other tools for performance measurement

Strategic Quality Planning The Tools of Quality Improving the System
The business must balance the needs of the basic functional areas: Supply Chain Management Marketing Accounting Human Resources Operations Engineering Strategy

A quality system uses the business model with a focus on the customer and includes the dynamics of continual improvement, change, planning and renewal.

Quality System Model

Strategic Quality Planning The Tools of Quality Ishikawa’s Seven Basic Tools of Quality
Process maps A closer look at Quality Check sheets Histograms Scatter plots Control charts Cause and effect diagrams Pareto analysis And - Seven new tools for improvement (N7)

Logical Map of the Order of the Basic Seven (B7) Tools

Process maps A picture of the process The first step of the process is to create a map of the process as it exists.

Process maps A picture of the process Using simple symbols chart the process from the beginning. Basic Mapping Symbols

Process maps A picture of the process Develop a general process map and then fill it out by adding more detail or a subflowchart to each of the elements

Process maps A picture of the process Step through the process by interviewing those who perform it- as they do the work

Process maps A picture of the process Determine which steps add value to the process and which don’t in an effort to simplify the work.

Process maps A picture of the process Before simplifying work, determine whether the work really needs to be done in the first place.

Process Mapping: Home Occupation Process- Current

Process Mapping: Home Occupation Process- Proposed

Steps in Process Mapping include: Settling on a standard set of process mapping symbols to be used. Clearly communicating the purpose of the process map to all the individuals involved in the exercise. Observing the work being performed by shadowing the workers performing the work. Developing a map of the process. Reviewing the process map with the employees to make needed changes and adjustments to the process map. Develop a map of the improved process.

Process Map with Responsibility of Existing Process

A closer look at quality Extended Process Mapping of Supply Chains Map Supplier process Receiving Internal Processes Shipping Customer service processes

Supply Chain Map for Global Corp.

Improved Supply Chain Map

Check Sheets Data gathering tools that can be used in forming histograms They can be either tabular or schematic Copier Project Check Sheet

Histograms A representation of data in a bar chart format Also used to observe the shape of data. “How are the data distributed?”

Histograms The are several rules for developing histograms The width of the histogram bars must be consistent The classes mutually exclusive and all-inclusive or collective exhaustive

A rule of thumb for the number of classes: # of Observations # of Classes 9 to 16 4 17 to 32 5 33 to 64 6 65 to 128 7 129 to 256 8

Scatter Diagrams Used to examine the relationship between variables. Sometimes used to identify indicator variables in organization. Quite easy to develop using the charting facilities in spreadsheets packages such as Excel.

Scatter plot of the relationship between conformance data and prevention and appraisal quality related costs

Healthy People Inc. Relationship between absenteeism and the number of overtime hours worked by employees

Control charts Used to determine whether a process will produce a product or service with consistent measurable properties. Two Control Charts usually used together

Cause and effect diagrams The “Fishbone” or Ishikawa Diagram Looks like the skeleton of a fish The head is the problem The ribs are the major causes Sub-causes forming smaller “bones” off of the ribs.

Cause and effect diagrams State the problem clearly in the head of the fish Draw the backbone and ribs Ask the participants to identify the major causes of the problem Continue to fill out the diagram asking “Why?” about each problem or cause

Cause and effect diagrams It usually takes no more than five levels of questioning … “Five why’s” View the diagram and identify core causes Set goals to address the core causes

Ishikawa diagram for a wood mill experiencing problems with wobbling blades in its saws

Pareto Analysis Used to identify and prioritize problems to be solved Aided by the 80/20 rule 80% of the problems are created by … 20% of the causes

Pareto Analysis Information must be selected based on types or classification of defects Data must be collected and classified into categories A frequency chart is constructed showing the number of occurrences

Pareto Analysis Steps used include: Gathering categorical data relating to quality problems Drawing a frequency chart Focusing on the tallest bars of the frequency chart first

Pareto Chart showing non-standardized procedures for setting up copying jobs are the most frequently occurring problem causing slow setups

Seven new tools for improvement (N7) GOAL/QPC recommends that the N7 tools be used in a “Cycle of Activity”

Seven new tools for improvement (N7)

Seven management and planning tools: typical flow

The Affinity Diagram creates a hierarchy of ideas Identify the problem Have the team members write down issues Allow 10 minutes for this activity Lay out the written cards on a flat surface so that all can see them

The Affinity Diagram creates a hierarchy of ideas Let everyone move the cards into groups silently If you disagree – say nothing but move the card You have reached consensus when all cards are in groups and no one is moving them Draw the affinity diagram

Affinity Diagram

Seven new tools for improvement (N7) The Interrelationship Digraph after completing the affinity diagram Construct an affinity diagram Examine the cards one by one asking “What other issues are caused or influenced by this issue?” Draw a one way arrow from the first issue to the second

Seven new tools for improvement (N7) The Interrelationship Digraph after completing the affinity diagram Count the number of arrows pointing to each note Identify the cards with the most issues as the “key factors”

Seven new tools for improvement (N7) The Interrelationship Digraph after completing the affinity diagram Draw a double box around the key factors and brainstorm ways to address these issues

Interrelationship Digraph

Seven new tools for improvement (N7) The Tree Diagram is useful to identify the steps needed to address the given problem

Seven new tools for improvement (N7) The Prioritization Grid is used to make decisions based on multiple criteria. It involves assigning percentages and weights to each criterion and ranking them.

Seven new tools for improvement (N7) The Matrix Diagram is similar to the quality function deployment It is used as a brainstorming tool

Seven new tools for improvement (N7) The Process Decision Program Chart is a tool to help brainstorm possible contingencies. Steps are: Develop a tree chart, placing first level boxes in sequential order Moving the second level list implementation details at a fairly high level

Seven new tools for improvement (N7) The Process Decision Program Chart is a tool to help brainstorm possible contingencies. Steps are: At the third level ask “What could go awry?” At the fourth level Brainstorm counter measures to the third level Evaluate the countermeasures for feasibility

Process Decision Program Chart

Seven new tools for improvement (N7) The Activity Network Diagram is used in controlling projects Also known as PERT (program evaluation and review technique)

Strategic Quality Planning The Tools of Quality Other Tools for Performance Measurement
Spider Charts Graphs that represent multiple metrics simultaneously in a two-dimensional plane

Balanced Scorecards Important tool for measuring performance Usually spreadsheets

Dashboards Quickly communicate performance levels

Strategic Quality Planning The Tools of Quality Summary
Improving the system Ishikawa’s basic seven tools of quality Seven new tools for improvement Other tools for performance measurement

Printed in the United States of America.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

Chapter 10 The Tools of Quality.

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Chapter 10 The Tools of Quality."— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

Chapter 10 The Tools of Quality.

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Chapter 10 The Tools of Quality."— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback